Nike Ajax Research Paper

Air Defense had a prominent involvement in The Persian Gulf War. The Patriot missile system demonstrated its effectiveness in combat in 1990 and United States (U.S.) forces as well as Iraqi forces utilized the Homing All the Way Killer (HAWK) missile system. Air Defense’s considerable involvement in the Persian Gulf War accredited to the developments and capabilities of the Patriot missile system along with the HAWK missile system’s Iraqi dilemma.

It influenced future generations of soldiers and equipment to advance both tactically and technically, greatly increasing the multi-role diversity and capabilities of the Air Defense Artillery systems of today’s United States Army. Compared to the Patriot Launcher Missile system, it showed that Air Defense units could be multifaceted. Like the M42 Duster (SPAAG), the Patriot system demonstrated excellent destruction ratio for aircraft but the system also worked well in defense of TBM’s (Tactical Ballistic

ICBMs and other nuclear missiles roared out from their silos, all headed for the U.S.S.R. The Soviet defensive systems were nowhere near as good as those of N.O.R.A.D., as the resulting wasteland showed.

After such strides in military achievement, the Soviet's military potential was then placed in an increased position relative to that of the United States. The Continental U.S. would now have fears of, for the first time, being vulnerable to serious damage from air and guided missile attack. The United States losing their monopoly on the nuclear market certainly reduced the effectiveness both militarily and psychologically of the Atlantic Pact. The United States had lost its capability of threatening to make an effective atomic attack upon the war-making potential of the U.S.S.R. without danger of retaliation in kind. Thus, Soviet possession of atomic bombs seriously threatened United States and Allied capabilities for air operations from the United Kingdom as well as other advanced bases. It also put a damper on the ability of and tendency towards amphibious operations against the European continent or other areas within range of Soviet attack.

During an infamous thirteen-day stretch of October 1962, America faced the prospect of imminent nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Two things saved humanity: the strategic wisdom of John F. Kennedy, and the U-2 aerial spy program. Above and Beyond tells the story of the Cuban Missile Crisis through the eyes of the pilots that launched out of McCoy Air Force Base in

The Korean War marked the end of the Anti-Aircraft tank era, and launched the technology of modern missile based Air Defense systems. First, the History of Air Defense before, up to the Korean War, and the role Air Defense played during the Korean War. Second, the role that Air Defense played in the Korean War. Lastly, the lessons learned from the Korean War and how modern Air Defense implemented lessons learned. The Air Defense Artillery has always grown and adapted throughout its history, but made its most significant technological advancements directly following the Korean War.

In 1968, the Soviet Union came up with a new development- the building of antiballistic missiles defence systems. These were to be used for nuclear, chemical, biological or even conventional warheads in the homeland defence of such a strike because they were designed to counter ICBM’s. As a method to counter this development, United States came up with multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRV’s) which improved the chances of avoiding detection by ABM systems. In addition to this, United States also developed its own IBM in order to match that of Soviet Union.

Notwithstanding the fabrication of the WAC Corporal, the progression of airborne weapons was not a prime goal of the United States. However, at the turn of the next decade, a competition broke out to see which branch of the Armed Services would create the next great rocket. The 1950s brought about rapid production of new rockets by the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Manufacturing bigger rockets and anti-aircraft weaponry was the main focus of the Army, while the Navy was concerned with smaller ship-launched projectiles and the Air Force with other forms of ballistic missiles. The rivalry was designed to harness the creative genius of each individual branch in hopes of yielding rocket brilliance, but misunderstandings generated frequent unintended consequences (“Space Race Exhibition” 3).

Detailed histories of each of the established nuclear powers are always welcome. They add to the sparse scholarly record that has depended on a relatively small number of books drawing on declassified documentary records. Edward Kaplan is an associate professor at the US Air Force Academy, and his expertise on US nuclear (atomic) strategy reflects the views of the US Air Force’s (USAF) strategists and their predisposition to air power. Kaplan is reasonably explicit regarding this predisposition. The roles of the USAF, the Strategic Air Command (SAC), and nuclear bombardment in US strategy in the early to mid-Cold War years are discussed early in the book. The USAF and SAC had an actionable strategy for “winning” a war (so long as the other side did not have nuclear capability of its own and a means to deliver it), which is a reflection of the time. Still, I would have liked to see this book set aerial nuclear bombardment debates within the context of what would become ideas of battlefield nuclear weapons as an adjunct to air power—as they developed under President Dwight Eisenhower’s “New Look” strategy of the early 1950s. Interservice rivalry certainly played a part in overall national strategy, both declaratory and operational, as it did in other states, such as Britain and France, but strategic culture also played a part both at the interservice level, within government and treasury debates, and at the foreign policy level. While this complex interplay is present in

Fireworks were the first rocket ever invented in China, and the technology kept on advancing. During the World War II, the Nazi Germany saw the potential of long-distance rockets in use of war. This realization made it possible for the Germans to invent 200-mile range V-2 missile, which arched 60 miles high at more than 3,500 miles per hour, and was used to attack London late in World War II. After the World War II, the United States and Soviet Union operated their own missile programs, which later resulted as the Space Race and gave massive impact to the Cold War. The Soviet Union sent the first manned satellite, Vostok 1, into space on April 12, 1961, and Vostok 2, on August 1961, which was the satellite with first whole-day flight. Although US were making progress, they were barely catching up with the rate Russians were advancing. So in 1961, President John F. Kennedy declared a national goal of “landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth within a decade.” And within a decade on July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first on the moon.

On October 16th, 1962 I was informed that the CIA’s National Photographic Interpretation Centre had reviewed findings from U-2 aircraft photographs and had identified objects that were soon to be interpreted as medium range ballistic missiles. The U-2 flight, piloted by Major Richard Heyser took 928 pictures capturing images of what turned out to be an SS-4 construction site in Western Cuba. It had now come to my attention that the Soviet Union was building launching sites in Cuba containing nuclear weapons with a range of up to 100 miles. Cuba is approximately 90 miles from the United States.

The Nike Hercules development will start early 1950’s, and be ready for deployment by 1958. (http://nikemissile.org/IFC/nike_hercules.shtml) The Nike Hercules will replace the Nike Ajax, and become Americas new defense system. The Nike Hercules will better protect the American people, by increasing the capability’s to detect, and destroy any Soviet Union threat. With a maximum range of about 90 miles, maximum speeds in excess of 2,700 mph, and the ability to reach targets at altitudes of up to 150,000 feet, the Nike Hercules is a highly potent air defense weapon. (http://alpha.fdu.edu/~bender/N-view.html)( Donald E. Bender/ 26 May 2004).

In 1949, the continued presence of the United States Army in Europe was guaranteed by the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in order to prevent the expansion of the Soviet Union into Western Europe. NATO’s goal was to provide mutual protection to any member nation in the event it was attacked by an outside aggressor. The United States played a major role by providing the bulk of soldiers and weapons to defend Europe as well to show it was interested in the recovery of Western Europe without the threat of Communism. In the years after World War II, German scientists and engineers who had been responsible for the development of the German rocket program were gathered up by the United States in order to both deny the USSR and allied nations from acquiring the advanced technologies and for the advancement of America’s first missile program. The result was the Army’s Redstone missile, developed in the early 1950’s. It would be the first missile to carry a nuclear warhead. However, the Army’s nuclear strategy shifted to that of a more mobile and rapid response delivery vehicle. The Redstone utilized liquid fuel, which required it to be fueled just prior to launch, decreasing response time in a retaliatory or first strike scenario. With the advent of solid fueled rockets that could be stored, ready to launch, the Redstone was rendered obsolete. The U.S. Army had already

The development of nuclear weapons helped to end World War II, but in turn created their own war between the United States and the Soviet Union. The development of modified military missiles such as the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, or ICBM, by Americans and the Soviets, had an impact on the struggle of power of the Cold War. The importance of military involvement in the creation of modified missiles and engines were critical events of the Cold War. Additionally, the steps taken to get to space were a byproduct of this Arms Race and the Cold War. Because the United States and the Soviet Union feared what the other country would or could do with weapons of mass destruction and the thought of the opposing country being able to control

Beginning from deep within the depths of Nazi held territory to appearing on virtually every continent. Ballistic Missiles have had a long history dating back to 1939 and the beginning of the V-Weapons program, and have been around in one way or another for over 70 years, indeed the advent of modern missile technology has changed the face of modern warfare and politics, and coupled with the advent of the two-stage hydrogen bomb, they have now brought humanity the closest to another World-War. Ballistic missile development, proliferation, and usage have had one of the largest and most profound impacts on modern warfare and international politics.