Nitrous Oxide

I chose to analyze the primary source of “The Wonders of the Invisible World,” written by Cotton Mather. He was born on February 12th of 1663 into a wealthy family of New England Puritan ministers. Cotton Mather started school at the age of twelve at Harvard College. He graduated and chose to become a member of the clergy but was unable to because of a speech impediment. He was able to overcome this however and a number of years later he was ordained in 1685. He became a very revered and influential minister at the time. In addition, he was also considered to be quite progressive in the field of medicine. He also was a renowned writer and published at least 350 written documents. One of these passages was the “The Wonders of the Invisible

Lyn Di Iorio and Laura Restrepo in their respective novels have managed to provide an overview that how supernatural and mystical powers and entities can change the life and perspective of individuals. Both of the novels entitled as Outside the Bones and Delirium are having a similar theme of conventionality and ghostliness.

In all of human history, people have written about inhuman beings, many of which include gods, demons, wizards, sorcerers, sorceresses, and witches. Nowadays mystical beings are seen everywhere in media. Most of society stopped believing in these creatures years ago, but for 17th-century Salem, witchcraft became a living nightmare (Fremon, 1999).

Unexplainable singularities are inevitable. Society does not have the solution to every dilemma or anomaly that transpires. Undeniably, two fields of study that still has unidentified surfaces are the human psyche and supernatural activity. Scientists and researchers, regarding the psychology of the mind and supernatural happenstance, uncover new data and statistics every day. A psychological disorder can develop at any junction in a person’s life and encompass peculiar behavior in the way a person feels, thinks, and acts. In the novella, “The Queen of Spades” by Alexander Pushkin there are several key elements that provide the reader with enough data to formulate that the main character’s mental stability triggers the manifestation of the late Countess. Conversely, Stanley Kubrick’s movie adaptation of Stephen King’s novel, “The Shining,” demonstrates strong indications of the supernatural.

In this essay, I am going to discuss the importance of the “Hydesville Rappings”. I will be talking about the Fox sister’s and the family and how they discovered communication with the spirit world. How they could communicate in simple understood code. How they discovered certain people were mediums. Also what findings were established as a result of the first Hydesville rappings.

"Because the truth was simple, not a long-drawn-out record of flowered shifts, tree cages, selfishness, ankle ropes and wells. Simple: she was squatting in the garden and when she saw them coming and recognized schoolteacher's hat, she heard wings. Little hummingbirds stuck their needle beaks right through her headcloth into her hair and beat their wings. And if she thought anything, it was No. Nono. Nonono. Simple. She just flew. Collected every bit of life she had made, all the parts of her that were precious and fine and

King James I of England was said to be interested in religious, philosophical and spiritual academia (Fincham page #). The King obsessively controlled religion in England and though the concepts are conflicting, he was also publicly fascinated with witchcraft, (dark) magic, ghosts, supernatural forces and the like (Tyson Page #). James was paranoid by and feared all “demon like” creatures whom he thought were out to ruin his life and/or kill him. With this building interest and paranoia, James conducted his own research that lead to his book, Demonology (1597). Demonology enlightened readers to James’s irrational fears, fits of rage, and suspicion of regicidal witchcraft (Tyson page #). Later on he called for the mass persecutions of witches.

As the raven enters the room, its presence reveals emotional suffering and loneliness. For example, the intrusion of the raven suddenly makes, “the air [grow] denser” (129). By making the air grow denser, the raven has an emotional affect on the mind, body, and spirit of

James conceived a more practical, and dynamic view of how human beings act. He developed a distinguishable definition of psychology, which identified pragmatism. He defined psychology as the science of mental life, regarding both its phenomena, and conditions (James, 1998, p. 139). The phenomena accounts for what is found in the soul, while the conditions were the antecedents of this mental life. James evaluated the spiritualist, and associationist schools of thought as the two most influential processes which explain the phenomena, and conditions.

William James was an American psychiatrist and philosopher, born in 1842 and touted as the leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014). James’ rebuttal to the Clifford’s Ethics of Believe, was the famed Will to Believe.

Many Elizabethan bedsides were haunted from “the terrors of the night”. Back then their ghosts were nothing like the pasty blobs we call ghosts now. Theirs were quite gruesome. Ghostly visitations were claimed to have been very unpleasant. Not only this, but they claimed it cast them into a state of spiritual confusion.

What guidelines establish the divide between the supernatural world with the contemporary world? Eden Robinson’s novel, Monkey Beach, highlights the importance of history and traditions with the concept of supernatural elements viewed as a normality in a society of European culture based definitions of right and wrong. Lisamarie Hill struggles to grasp a gift that allows her to achieve a state of consciousness “Somewhere between waking and sleeping” (Robinson 139) which enables her to contact the spirit world. This talent is seldom appreciated, rather, acknowledging or claiming to communicate with supernatural forces is perceived as a mental illness. Thus, the colonial power excludes indigenous beliefs and silences indigenous voices,

Charlotte Gilman, through the first person narrator, speaks to the reader of the stages of psychic disintegration by sharing the narrator's heightened perceptions: "That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don't care--there is something strange about the house--I can feel it" (304). The conflicting

William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist

The narrator tries to prove his sanity by illustrating how ?wisely? and ?cunningly? (Poe 722) he observed the old man?s eye the week before he killed him, yet the fact that he watched the man for hours every night just looking for the eye contradicts any sanity he could have claimed from being wise and cunning.