Non Gravitational Effects On Jupiter 's Satellites

Kepler’s 3rd law, p^2 = a^3, applies to all objects orbiting our Sun. In this law p is the period of time it takes an object to orbit the Sun, as measured in years, and a is the semi-major axis of this planet’s orbit (its average distance to the Sun), as measured in AU.Using algebra we can solve for either p = a^(3/2) or a = p^(2/3).

Satellites orbiting earth will experience external perturbations that can affect the orbit. The primary force acting on the satellite depends on the altitude of the orbit. The most significant effect is caused by atmospheric drag which affects satellites in low earth orbit. Outside of low earth orbit, satellites still experience external forces that could change the orbit however unlike atmospheric drag, the orbit altitude will not necessarily decrease. In addition to atmospheric drag, satellites are subject to thermal drag and gravity perturbations.

the moon 's orbit around the Earth, and the planets ' motions around the Sun. The

Locked in 1:2:4 orbital cycle with Europa and Io. For every single orbit of Ganymede, Europa orbits Jupiter 2 times and Io orbits 4 times.

Neptune was the first planet found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus ledAlexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational

Testing was done with current inclinations of the inner satellites of Neptune; however, assumptions were made due to the fact that the inclinations are very small. “The future dynamics of the Neptune-Triton system may originate a possible 3:1 mean motion resonance involving Triton and Proteus”(Yokoyama, Nascimento and

Io is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. It is the third largest moon of Jupiter out of the 67 known moons. Io is the most geologically active object in our solar system with over 400 active volcanoes. Because of the activity of volcanoes Io's atmosphere is mostly made up of sulphur dioxide (SO2). As Io intersects Jupiter's orbits, Jupiter's magnetic field converts Io into an electric generator, as the massive planet rotates a ton of Io's material is stripped away. But, this does not affect the moon, because of the heavy activity of volcanoes the molten lava which is spewed all over the planet cools and becomes a solid. Craters in the planet are filled and soon become lava lakes before becoming a solid once again. Io surface

The planet Jupiter has always been a point of interest for mankind, being the largest of the planets and named after the king of the Roman gods. Since Galileo pointed his small, simple telescope at the gas giant, scientists and astronomers have been on the journey to discover the secrets the planet holds. Launched in August, 2011, the Juno Spacecraft will be able to peek through the clouds of mystery that shroud Jupiter, and improve on mankind’s view of the great

Navigation has always played a key role in all aspects of human life. Although modern technology has simplified travel and airplanes are used constantly, ships continue to be an important part of trade and military systems today. This was especially the case around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Colonialism was built on navigation and whoever held the greatest naval power could gain the greatest control. However, because of the difficulties that came from calculating location while at sea, navigation became the greatest scientific challenge in the age of sailing.

R. Wagner Article Review of “Revealing Jupiter’s Inner Secrets” Jupiter is the largest, most massive, fastest spinning, most magnetized and most orbited planet in the solar system. For years scientists and astronomers have been estimating the inner workings of Jupiter underneath its distracting clouds. In 1995 they were finally able to find out some answers when the Galileo probe entered Jupiter’s atmosphere to take measurements. They decided to send up a probe, Juno, that would measure microwaves without getting trapped in the equatorial belt of energetic charged particles. Juno will measure the water and ammonia levels of Jupiter by using 6 different microwave wavelength ranges. Astronomers hope to learn many things from this probe including

The Io Volcano Observer (IVO) is one mission under the New Frontiers program planned to launch on May 29th, 2021 and reach Jupiter by 2026. Led by Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona, it is focused on observing one of Jupiter’s satellites, Io, which has been deemed one of the best satellites for studying tidal heating and the histories of terrestrial planets due to its active volcanic surface. The aforementioned tidal heating is directly correlated to the habitable zones of planetary systems and, thus, could help us better understand how a planetary system becomes habitable and which planetary systems, aside from our own, currently are. IVO also plans to understand the interior structure of Io, particularly the melting fraction of the magnetosphere.

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician who lived between 1671-1630. Kepler was a Copernican and initially believed that planets should follow perfectly circular orbits (“Johan Kepler” 1). During this time period, Ptolemy’s geocentric theory of the solar system was accepted. Ptolemy’s theory stated that Earth is at the center of the universe and stationary; closest to Earth is the Moon, and beyond it, expanding towards the outside, are Mercury, Venus, and the Sun in a straight line, followed by Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the “fixed stars”. The Ptolemaic system explained the numerous observed motions of the planets as having small spherical orbits called epicycles (“Astronomy” 2). Kepler is best known for introducing three

Jupiter is a VERY important planet. Not only does is it the biggest planet in our solar system, but it keeps thousands of minor planets in their orbits. There is a family of minor planets (or asteroids) in the same plane as Jupiter. These are called Trojan asteroids. Scientists have divided these into two groups the “Greeks” and the “Trojans”. The “Greeks” come before Jupiter and the “Trojans” follow Jupiter. These asteroids are as far away from Jupiter as they are from the sun; because of this they stay and will continue to stay in the positions they are in because the gravitational pull from Jupiter and the sun are the same.

The objective of this practical is to determine acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ using the simple pendulum model. This is shown when a period of oscillation is seen to be independent of the mass of the mass ‘m’.

It is evident that the physical parameters, such as the Coriolis rotation ( (-- removed HTML --)