Non Invasive Sub Clinical Cardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ) Assessment Tools

The population who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience daytime drowsiness and are at risk for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other vascular related problems (Hsu et al., 2007). There are several treatment options for people with OSA, which are weight loss, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental appliances, and surgical procedure. This study evaluates patients who have

PSQI, a 19-item tool, assessed self-rated sleep quality measures over the prior month, and with a score of 5 or greater associated with poor sleep. ESS, an 8-item self-rated questionnaire, evaluated the impact of subjective perceived sleepiness on daily functioning in eight different environments with a score of 9 or greater being associated with a burden of day-time sleepiness. ISI, a 7-item tool, identified the presence, rated the severity and described the impact of insomnia with a score of 10 or greater identified as positive for

The study was a systematic review of scientific papers selected by a search of the SciELO, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and LILACS-BIREME databases. Among the 2169 articles found, 12 studies proved relevant to the issue and presented an evidence strength rating of B. No publications rated evidence strength A. Seven of the studies analyzed were prospective cohorts and 5 were cross-sectional studies.

Morgan Manella in the article “Study: A Third of U.S. Adults Don’t Get Enough Sleep” argues that sleep deprivation can have a negative effect in someone’s health. Manella supports her argument by presenting statistics that shows how adults that don’t enough sleep have chronic conditions. The author’s purpose is to raise awareness so that people will sleep more often and have a better health condition.

Sleep is important not only for promoting healing, but also for the overall well-being of the individual. When there are problems with the sleeping pattern, it impacts the overall health and safety of the older adult. The person will not have enough rest and will be too tired to perform activities surrounding daily living. We have to assess the risk factors contributing to the problems of sleep disturbance and these might be “related to poor sleep hygiene, including an irregular sleep schedule, environmental noise or light, and the use of stimulants” (Mauk, 2014, p. 581). If the sleeping pattern is not assessed, possible complications will happen, such as falls that could lead to bodily injuries.

The Framingham Heart Study or FHS followed the sleeping pattern of a large number of adults for ten years. Researchers from the Boston University School of Medicine,BUSM, and from FHS were able to include that oversleeping was probably only a symptom of dementia. This meant that reducing sleep will not change the probable outcome. This has lead to the researchers to instead convince people to have themselves screen soon after noticing unusual sleeping patterns. It may lead to an early diagnosis of dementia which can help the patient prepare for a possible future.

The sample will involve only the cardiac surgery patients, eliminating thoracic surgeries. The participants must be considered a legal adult (at least 18 years of age), in order to sign his or her own consent form. Patients with sleep disorders will be ruled out, such as those diagnosed with sleep apnea or insomnia. Any cardiac surgical patient undergoing other procedures or surgeries will be excluded. Participants will be randomly selected from the scheduled cardiac surgery preoperative list, with the Cardiothoracic Surgical Team. Those selected by stratified sampling will need to complete the baseline questionnaire, so that all baseline variables are collected for data (Poole et al., 2014). I would use The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), after obtaining consent. According to Greve and Pedersen (2016), “the PSQI questionnaire is considered the most suitable instrument as it contains valuable information that helps to compare certain aspects of sleep quality before and after an intervention” (p. 17). Along with the PSQI questionnaire, the patients will create their own individualized sleep diaries. The sleep diaries will be used to measure the following criteria: time it takes to go to sleep, sleep latency, awakenings, and quality of sleep (Greve & Pedersen, (2016).

Gami AS, Hodge DO, Herges RM, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49:565–71.

Sleep disturbance among the older adult population is known to be a prevalent issue (Gooneratne, Pack, Staley, Schutte-Rodin, Dinges, & Pack, 2011). Much study has

Skomro, R. and Kryger, M. (1999). Clinical presentations of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 41(5), pp.331-340.

Background: A significant association exists between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) & Atrial Fibrillation (AFib). Limited studies have demonstrated that the AFib patients with OSA have worse symptoms and increase hospitalizations as compared to those without OSA. We assessed the impact of previously diagnosed OSA on in-hospital outcomes (Length of Stay and Cost of Stay) in the patients with AFib.

Heart issues: problems like congestive heart failure and fibrillation issues can contribute to sleep apnea.

This is a cross-sectional study. The sample size was estimated using Epiinfo statistical software. The population of interest was estimated to be approximately 400 subjects with BMI > 30 Kg/m2 from a total population of approximately 1,000 receiving health care at Policlínica Bella Vista (PBV) in Mayaguez PR. Estimating a prevalence rate of 0.3 (30%) of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in this population, the program yielded a sample size = 179 to estimate the prevalence with a 95% confidence level. at 180.

Two of the authors (F.W.A. and R.B.) independently searched the US National Library of Medicine database, MEDLINE; and the Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations databases; the ExcerptaMedica database, Embase; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database. The databases were searched using medical subject headings (MeSH), text words, and controlled vocabulary

We (CJC & SG) independently reviewed the finalised articles to extract information on the following characteristic. Year of publication, sample size, study population, heart rate control, mortality rate, adverse incidence & change in metabolic parameters with administration of β-blockers. Individual authors were contacted to clarify overlapping of patients between studies. Authors were also contacted for data on subgroup analysis.