Non Opioid Research Paper

Opioid addiction is so prevalent in the healthcare system because of the countless number of hospital patients being treated for chronic pain. While opioid analgesics have beneficial painkilling properties, they also yield detrimental dependence and addiction. There is a legitimate need for the health care system to provide powerful medications because prolonged pain limits activities of daily living, work productivity, quality of life, etc. (Taylor, 2015). Patients need to receive appropriate pain treatment, however, opioids need to be prescribed after careful consideration of the benefits and risks.

      As well as killing pain, moderate doses of pure opioids produce a range of mild effects. They depress the activity of the nervous system, including such reflexes as coughing, breathing and heart rate. They also cause widening of the blood vessels, which gives a feeling of warmth and reduces bowel activity, which causes constipation.

When opioids are used chronically, tolerance and dependence can occur and the side effects differ depending on the substance, as does the abuse potential (Addiction.com, 2011) (Steven A. Adelman, William J. Meehan, 2010). Combining or improper use of opioid medication with other prescription or over the counter medication could be fatal (CAMH, 2010) (Canada, 2009).

Addiction to these can happen if taken over a long period of time. Also, irritation of the stomach, liver damage and sleep disturbances as some

These drugs are easy to become addicted to and continued use could lead to dependency. Citizen have to be sure to take drugs only prescribe to the patient on the bottle because what is safe to one person might not be to someone else. This is because our body chemistry is different for everyone.Some people are tricked into thinking it's safe because they are prescribed by doctors.This is untrue and opioid are very dangerous when taken recreational. Most opioids are given to help get through serious injuries. When you start these drugs, you can expect to experience drowsiness, slowed breathing, and constipation. The drug also will relieve the pain it was prescribed for. If long term usage occurs the user can easily become addicted. The body get used to the presence of these drugs and becomes attached. They might even need to use higher dosages to achieve the same high because the body builds up tolerance. This is how people overdose. The opioids slows the breathing so much that that stop breathing at

As we see the further progression of the opioid epidemic within the United States, pharmacists become the frontlines to recognizing and providing care for these patients. It is however difficult to provide care for a patient when even the professionals within the medical community have an associated stigma attached to the use of these drugs. Patients who have a need for these painkillers recognize this stigma, and by doing so decide to avoid consulting their doctors and do not seek the care which they need. They do this to avoid the discriminatory treatment they receive both within and on the outside of the healthcare system, and to avoid the legal repercussions associated with the misuse and abuse of these products1. It is therefore the pharmacists' job to avoid the stigmatization of these people and respect those who use these treatments for legitimate medical purposes.

The short-term effects of opiate use include feelings of euphoria, pain relief, drowsiness, and sedation due to the release of dopamine in the brain. Long-term effects can include nausea and vomiting, stomach cramping, constipation, liver damage, brain damage due to respiratory depression, development of tolerance, and dependency. Other effects from opioid use, while not directly related to the drug itself, include viral hepatitis and HIV due to using unsterile needles to inject the drugs in to the system.

Methaqualone, is also referred to as Disco Biscuits, Down And Dirties, Jekyll-and-Hyde, Joe Fridays, Lemmon 714, Lemons, Lennon's, Lovers, Ludes, Mandies, Mandrake, Q, Qua, Quack, Quad, Quaaludes, Soaper, Supper, Vitamin Q, The Love Drug, Wallbangers, Whore Pills, and Sopor. This list of street names for the drug goes on and on.

For example, the body is not designed to cope with a bunch of powder in the bloodstream, but a number of addicts still decide to grind grind up tablets, and mix them with alcohol or water, and inject or snort them. This can lead to serious heart problems, this will include long-term heart infections, and also includes pulmonary embolisms. If the site of injection gets infected, it likley to get gangrene in the injection area the flesh dies and then rots off that body part . If the wound gets infected, it can cause a horrible blood infection, which can be very

Opiates, when used, can lead to several adverse effects which can include nausea and nausea, constipation, dry mouth, sleepiness and miosis. Other less frequent side effects that can be experienced include respiratory depression, flushing, urinary retention, muscle rigidity, and hallucinations. The most depressing danger with taking opiate is respiratory failure which is often likely caused by opiate overdose. This can cause an individual to stop inhaling and exhaling entirely, and die.

Oxycodone is a type of opioid medicine used to treat moderate to severe pain a patient is experiencing, such as an injury. However, Oxycodone should be banned because it causes more negative consequences for the user’s health, the environment, society, and the economy. Even if the drug helps relieve pain, it gives even more risks than positive consequences.

There are three formulations of naloxone available outside of the clinical or hospital setting: intramuscular (IM) injection, needleless intranasal (IN) spray, and an auto-injector. Both IM and IN formulations are generally sold in kits that include two doses and two delivery devices. Each IM injection kit should include two naloxone 0.4 mg/ml vials and two IM syringes. Each IN kit should include two naloxone 2 mg/2 ml prefilled syringes (needleless) and two atomizers. Either formulation kit should include step-by-step instructions for responding to an opioid overdose, as well as detailed instructions for device assembly and administration (Figure 3). Naloxone also comes in a twin-pack IM auto-injector (Evzio), which provides voice instructions for use. Although convenient to administer, it is a more expensive alternative than the IM or IN kits, as it is brand only (Table 3). Naloxone, in any formulation, does not work if administered

Pain management is an essential aspect of nursing which allows nurses to deal with chronic pain patients. Pain does not only have a physical impact on patients, rather it also has an emotional effect due to which it’s proper and on time management is necessary. I have chosen this topic since it would allow me to know more about chronic pain and therapies used for its effective management. This does not only help patients in quick recovery, it also allows the hospitals to discharge patients quickly. The purpose of this paper is to know about efficiency of pain management technique and therapies being used by nurses.

Pain it not easy to be classified. While on clinical setting pain classification it will be depend on the time (acute and chronic), location (painful region). This type it cause the pain, so give the clinical helpful information to detect the pain and how to get for the patient treatment plan.

In this discussion, I will be looking at the different forms of pain and how this pain is caused within the body. The number of different types of drugs used to treat pain is forever expanding but I will examine the main types of painkiller, how they were discovered and how they work to relieve the symptoms of pain.