There have been various nonpharmacological strategies proposed to relieve pain in hospitalized children, and a central element of several of these strategies is play. The empirical research of play in the healthcare setting has not received much attention, however these authors believed that children during the postsurgical period would manifest less pain if they were refocused with play. This study aimed to determine the effect of a hospital program to promote play on postsurgical pain in pediatric patients. The authors believed that children distracted by play during the postsurgical period would manifest less pain than those who were not distracted by play during the postsurgical period. 95 patients (ages 1-7 years) who met predetermined criteria were eligible and participated in the study. The study contained both an experimental group and a control group and participants were randomly …show more content…
In general, the experimental group scored lower than the control group on the pain scale. This result occurred in all three measurements of postsurgical pain in the participants. The author’s listed two relevant mechanisms that could explain the results of their study. One relevant mechanism involved the effect of distraction on a person’s perception of pain. The second relevant mechanism involves the effect of mood on the perception of pain, as well as the transmission of emotions between the families within the healthcare setting. The author’s determined that there were limitations to their study such as experimenter bias, gender bias (disproportion in gender in participants), and not having assessed the extent to which parents followed directions in the experimental group. In all, the authors concluded that play can contribute to the child’s wellbeing in the hospital and can help patients cope with
Based on the information collected from the patient, the best time to start his smoking cessation treatment would be on mid April, a reasonable date after an event where more than likely there was going to be smoking involved by others, potentially affecting the patient. Mr. Salem passed quit attempts without professional guidance where the reason why he was not successful, therefore a combination of non-pharmacological with pharmacological therapy is recommended, as the literature has shown that combining both with changes in routines used to be done by the person helps to reduce triggers, fight and resist urges, cravings, and possible relapse.
Pain is an obvious consequence of injuries and surgery, but it is also a common symptom of ill health. A complex experience, with many variables that can influence the patient experience and interpretation. The various factors include age, gender, culture influences, social class, personality and emotional factors such as anxiety, fear and depression which do not necessarily increase the patient’s pain experience, but will affect their reaction to it.
This research focused on 295 members of the Association for Play Therapy and their attitudes that relate to working with families when treating children. The results showed that the majority of play therapists were positive about working with families, particularly when
Medical play is a kind of therapeutic activity which the children use special themes and tools related to medical while they play. This can help the adult to observe the child's feelings and take the information that can support the children when dealing with their healthcare experience. There are three different type of play in healthcare setting. The first type is therapeutic play which helps in improving the healthy state of the child physically and psychologically and the study show that therapeutic play is effective in coping and improving the healthy state of the child. The second type is recreational play which commonly used to make the child happy and facilitate normalization. The third type is developmentally supportive
My topic of inquiry I have chosen to research for this report is; is play therapy an effective treatment for Children with Post traumatic stress disorder. I was drawn to this topic as I have had an interest in working with Children who have experienced Trauma and have a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder under the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). I worked on a personal level with many children who have experienced traumatic events such as natural disasters and have seen the impact that these traumas have had on them and I am curious to know if play therapy is an effective way of working with children who have Post-traumatic stress disorder. I wanted to explore this more as children find it difficult to articulate their thoughts and feelings and I want to know if play therapy is an effective way of helping them to express their thoughts and feelings. I also wanted to find out why Play Therapy is not really recognised in New Zealand and why there is such a limited amount of Play Therapists in New Zealand. I became interested in this topic when I took a child to play therapy and seen the impact that these sessions had on their development and behaviour and this drew me to want to find out why this treatment is not used more widely with children as play is a natural aspect of their development.
Using the ChIPPA, the examiners assessed the children individually in a quiet space. Seeing that the children were under the age, their parents were also in the room at a distance from the testing. Prior to assessment the examiners retrieved background information on each individual child from answers of the parents and medical records. For further data analysis of the child’s play, the examiners used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the Clinical Observation form. The examiners conducted two sessions of the ChIPPA; which included the symbolic and conventional imaginative pretend play, that are then divided into three sections
Collective action is when action is taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their status and achieve a common objective. Collective action would lead to harmony in Congress but unfortunately in the United States we see many collective action problems. Collective action problems are often known as the collective action dilemma. This a conflict between group goals and individual’s self-interest (Hayes, Lecture 2). Many collective action problems seen in Congress are due to the free access to goods and the free riding problem.
Throughout high school, I volunteered at Cook Children’s Hospital, which has contributed to my passion for working with kids. One of the best parts of working within pediatrics is that you can be as creative as possible. I once observed a child who had a disease that caused him to have weakened muscle tone and decreased coordination, among other things. For one of his therapy sessions, the therapist set up an obstacle course where he had to crawl, climb, kick, and throw. For the kid it was a game, and we raced to see who could do it the fastest; for the therapist the crawling and climbing was strengthening his muscles, and the kicking and throwing was working on his coordination. In another pediatric clinic I observed at, we pretty much played games the whole time, and it was a lot of fun for everyone involved. However, each game would be working on some aspect of the child’s condition and working towards getting them better. We also worked with babies, which I especially enjoyed, but these weren’t always fun and games. We would have to turn babies with torticollis ways that they did not want to go, and it would usually be a session full of crying. Though making babies cry generally makes me sad, knowing that I am allowing these babies a better quality of life in the future makes it worth
One recent study on the link between educational videos and behavior found out that video-distraction for pediatric patients in the emergency department can be a useful method to reduce anxiety and pain in children subjected to IV insertion (Navarro & Marquez, 2016). By using the video as a distraction it would lessen the suffering of the patient and, at the same time, allow intravenous insertion to be performed. With this method it diverts the stressful stimulus, and has the patient focus on a more pleasant stimulus. In audio-visual distraction there was effectiveness in managing pain and promoting cooperation in children undergoing intravenous insertion. In this study parents and children were given detailed information according to their cognitive development and parents were asked
The proposed study will be a quantitative pilot randomized control trial design to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the interventions, methodology and evaluation methods, as well as provide data to facilitate a randomized control study (Feely, et al., 2009). The study will evaluate the effects of the intervention on nerve impulse transmission to the brain, described in the pain gate theory, through comparison of preschool children’s perception of pain and physiological response in children (Moayedi & Davis, 2013; Tansky & Lindberg, 2010). The comparison will evaluate if children who receive distraction, through nurse led singing, pain perception and response differs from children who receive basic intervention while receiving a intramuscular immunization (Moayedi & Davis, 2013; Tansky & Lindberg, 2010). The dependent variable will be defined as the self-report of pain through utilization of tools successful in evaluating pediatric pain: the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and a Visual Analogue Scale (Garra, et al., 2010). A secondary outcome is defined as a change in pulse, respiration rate and blood pressure. Vital signs will be taken at three time intervals during immunization: five minutes prior,
For children and adolescents, the experience in pediatric emergency waiting rooms can be problematic. According to different age groups, there are a variety of psychosocial concerns and developmental considerations that health professionals should be aware of in the pediatric unit. The environment of the emergency room is busy and chaotic, which can increase the level of anxiety and stress for the whole family. For infants, toddlers, preschoolers and school-age children, parent separation is a common factor that makes them anxious (Brunnquell & Kohen, 1991). In the chaotic environment, children express their anxiety by crying, kicking or even regressive behaviors such as stop walking. Thus, there should be more family couches for patients to
Using play, Child Life Specialists help children learn and understand their world. Play is also a great way for adults to see what children understand about the hospital experience. Child life specialists use medical play to determine a child understands of medical procedures. Allowing children to see, touch and play with commonly used equipment before the hospitalization experience provides children with an opportunity to familiarize them with unfamiliar equipment and reinforce teaching. Children who are prepared for medical procedures often experience less stress and cope better. Child Life Specialists can help to clear up any misconceptions of medical treatments that may come forth during
Research conducted by, (Landman, Oswald, Sanders & Diab, 2011; Bastrom; Marks; Yaszay & Newton, 2013), both aimed to isolate possible personality factors that could influence a patient’s pain perception. Landman et al (2011), evaluated 1433 preoperative participants between the ages of 8
As one of Europe’s oldest democratic countries, the United Kingdom consequently has one of the oldest voting systems, a plurality system often called First-Past-The-Post. The system relies on a basic principle; voters can vote for only one candidate and the candidate who receives the most votes wins the seat. (UK Parliament Website, 2014) As the quotation from David Cameron shows, the system is often hailed as one of the simplest voting systems possible, and is mainly used in the U.K for national elections.
One of the most pervasive issues in the delivery of healthcare is the proper management of patient pain. In surgical settings, pain is an unavoidable consequence but one that requires handling with great care as the unnecessary suffering of patient is legally and morally inappropriate. While pain is typically a physical response to an external stimulus, such as a surgical procedure or the destructive extent of disease, the recognition of pain occurs on an individual level. The brain is the ultimate arbiter of what is painful and what is not. Due to this deeply personal context of pain, there are many factors at play in its appearance. Some factor relate to environmental concerns while others derive from societal and cultural impacts (Belfer, 2013). While pain is often an unwanted characteristic of care, it is also a strong diagnostic guideline. Physicians can rapidly detect the extent of illness and injury by following a patients’ expression of pain. Because of the importance of understanding pain, it is important that nurses be acutely aware of all of the personal and cultural influences that can affect a patient 's understanding and expression of pain. Nurses with such awareness are more likely to avoid the unfortunate situation of over or under diagnosing pain. The Joint Commission requires that all facilities adhere to guidelines that state patients shall not suffer from unnecessary pain. The Joint Commission also states that facilities must formally