Non Polar Amino Acid Chromatography Paper

The protein molecules in many foods provide the amino acid building blocks required by our own cells to produce new proteins. To determine whether a sample contains protein, a reagent called Biuret solution is used. Biuret solution contains copper ions. However, the chemical state of the copper ions in Biuret solution causes them to form a chemical complex with the peptide bonds between amino acids (when present), changing the color of the solution. Biuret solution is normally blue, but changes to pink when short peptides are present and to violet when long polypeptides are present.

Additionally, Rf values are also dependent on the polarity of molecules. The more polar the molecule is, the smaller Rf value, and the less polar the molecule is, the lager the Rf value. Therefore, the outcome

Different reagents were used for the tests with the reagents reacting with the molecules in a specific way indicated by a change of color. Controls were provided to ensure integrity of the process. The results indicated the presence or absence of the organic molecules in the various substances provided. They proved that using these tests, one can accurately determine what organic molecules a substance contains. This will help in determining the composition of various substances within the cell or even outside the body and how they affect normal cell

Box on right illustrates the peptide bond resulting from the condensation of both the amino acids. The box on the left illustrates the separation of the hydroxide group from glycine and the hydrogen atom from valine.

The pH was tested by adding acid (HCl), base () and neutral (water) to the enzyme. When the enzyme samples were tested using the hydrogen peroxide and O2 sensor test it was determined that any

In this lab, we will use simple indicators to test for the presence of organic molecules. This will be done by using different compounds, indicator solutions. These indicator solutions include Benedict’s solution, Biuret’s solution, Ninhydrin, Iodine, and Amylase. Benedict’s solution is used to detect the presence of sugars, whether they are a monosaccharide or disaccharide. The resting substance is a blue color until it reacts, turning either a yellow, orange, red, or green color, indicating it’s result. It’s reaction itself can take up to ten minutes, as stated by the procedure sheet, although ours would be sped up by the hot water (catalyst). Biuret’s solution is used to determine the presence of protein or peptide (amino acid chain) in

Branched-chain amino acids help decrease exercise-induced muscle damage, increase muscle recovery and regulate protein synthesis. They are also very essential in reducing fatigue. This means that you will be able to train at a higher intensity for a prolonged period.

The median concentration (nM) of serine amino acid extracted from crayfish was higher (M = 98, IQR = 20.5), compare to the sculpin amino acid extract (M=1 5, IQR = 20.5) shown in table 1 and 2. Likewise, threonine amino acid concentration was absorbed at a lower medium from sculpin (M = 6, IQR = 32.5), then threonine extracted from crayfish (M = 67, IQR = ). Arginine (M= 57, IQR = 60.5) and lysine (M = 78, IQR = 59) amino acid concentrations was measured at a higher value in sculpin extract, than what was measured from catfish extract. The concentration was collected based on the highest two amino

(1) The attached graph from the assignment guide sheet demonstrates the conformation of poly-glutamate and poly-lysine in terms of their rate of specific rotation in relation to pH. In terms of poly-glutamate, which consists of multiple acidic amino acid glutamates, there is rapid change in conformation when pH has increased from 3 to 5. This amino acid becomes deprotonated when the pH increases, in which the concentration of hydrogen ion decreases correspondingly. For poly-lysine, which is the multiple basic amino acid lysines, there is rapid change in conformation when pH has decreased from 11.5 to 9.5. The decrease in pH indicates the increase in hydrogen ion concentration, and the lysines' side groups will be protonated. These deprotonation

In this experiment, paper chromatography was used to determine what pigments were present in spinach extract. From this experiment, we can see that four different types of pigments are present in the spinach extract used, the following are those pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, beta carotene, and xanthophyll. The absorption and reflection of these pigments all revolve around the basis of the electromagnetic spectrum. The form of electromagnetic radiation is released as light and overall it is a type of energy that travels in waves. Going back to the spectrum itself, all the different types of electromagnetic radiation combine to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which tells us which colors can be absorbed and/or reflected. Each wave

Chromatography is a separation technique in which the mixture to be separated is dissolved in a solvent and the resulting solution, often called the mobile phase, is then passed through or over another material, the stationary phase. The separation of the original mixture depends on how strongly each component is attracted to the stationary phase. Substances that are attracted strongly to the stationary phase will be retarded and not move alone with the mobile phase. Weakly attracted substances will move more rapidly with the mobile phase.

6b. In the normal Hemoglobin cell, Glutamic is the amino acid in position 6. The R group of Valine contains one CH and two CH3. Valine is also non-polar and hydrophobic. The R group of Glutamic contains two CH2, one C, one OH and one O. Glutamic is negatively charged and is hydrophilic.

The titration curve of the unknown exhibited many characteristics, such as equivalence points, pKa of ionizable groups, isoelectric point, and buffer regions, that are particularly distinct to lysine. For unclear reasons, the pH during the titration did not reach the pH for pure 0.2 M NaOH nor 0.2 M HCl and normal equivalence points expected at two extreme ends of the titration curves for all amino acids were not observed. The titration of a phosphate buffer showed that the buffer capacity is directly proportional to the molarity of the buffer. However, our results showed that although the initial pH of the phosphate buffer was less than the pKa value, the measured buffer capacity was higher towards acid than base. The accuracy of the pH meter and calibration process was questioned under assumptions that the pH of the prepared phosphate buffer was actually above pKa.

Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.

B) Proteins Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Each protein folds into a characteristic three dimensional shape that is essential to its function. They perform a variety of functions in cells and are probably the most diverse macromolecule in living systems. The Biuret test detects the presence of proteins and short peptides (short chains of amino acids). Biuret reagent contains a strong solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and a very small amount of dilute copper sulfate solution. The reagent changes color in the presence of a protein because the amino groups in the amino acids react with the copper ions producing a violet color. A negative result is blue.