Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Report

Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer. (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The bronchi are the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs, and where most lung cancers begin. The body normally maintains cell growth only

Cellular / Molecular Basis: Lung cancer has two types; small cell and non small cell. The two types can be identified by their appearance when looked at with a microscope. It usually affects the cells that are lined along air passages in the lungs.

Squamous Cell Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) occurs in about 30% of all Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cases. (Khan Academy Medicine, 2012) There are two main features of squamous cell NSCLC that distinguish it from adenocarcinoma and large cell NSCLC. Squamous cells contain keratin within the cell and are connected to each other by desmosomes (Khan Academy Medicine, 2012). Squamous cell NSCLC is most commonly found in male smokers who have a cough, airway obstruction, Hilar-adenopathy, mediastinal widening with chest x-rays, and Hypercalcemia (Harold, J. Bruyere, 2009).

Although many people have heard about lung cancer, they don't know that there are two major types of lung cancer. The types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC breaks down into three different types and approximately makes up 85-90% of the cancers that patients are diagnosed with. The first type of NSCLC is adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is usually found in smokers however it is the most common lung cancer found in nonsmokers. This cancer typically attacks younger adults and targets women. This cancer tends to develop on the outside layers of the lungs and it can be found before it spreads throughout the body. The second type of NSCLC is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer is linked to smoking and forms in the inner airways of

Cancer, it can affect anyone; it can affect any part of the body but what is it? Cancer results from the abnormality in the body's cells. This occurs when the cells divided and grow. Disruption in the system of the growth and division of a cell results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that form a mass which leads to cancer. The patient outcome for cancer is different for everyone, but it is also different with each type. In the respiratory department, a major type of cancer we will deal with is lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, has different types and stages, but for this paper, we are going to talk about Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the article titled “Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” it states

Large amounts of non-small-cell lung cancer cases are caused by smoking, and many others are caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking is the most common factor that led to non-small-lung cell cancer.Smokers face other risk factors such as radon and asbestos. But the fact is that not everyone smokes with lung cancer. Lung cancer in nonsmokers may be due to exposure to radon, get the chemicals gas from one who smoking, air pollution or many other reason such as the bad chemicals, or working at the workplaces exposure to asbestos can also cause non-small-cell lung cancer. Non-smokers often have cancer at a younger age than smokers.

In this text I will be talking about SCLC(small cell lung cancer) and not NSCLC (non small cell lung cancer), the two main lung cancers. (according to www.lung.org) SCLC makes up 20% of all lung cancer cases and most associated with smoking. NSCLC makes up the other 80% of lung cancer cases but does not spread as fast as SCLC. NSCLC Comprises of: Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma,Large cell carcinoma.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer, across the globe. More deaths are reported from lung cancer than that from breast, colon or prostate combined (2). Around 80% of lung cancers are determined to be non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 65% of those patients have advanced or metastatic disease when discovered (11). Research has shown that early diagnosis and accurate staging is the cornerstone for improving survival of patients with lung cancer. Treatment options depend on the severity of the disease, making accurate staging a priority (7).

Small cell lung cancer and non-small lung cancer can be differentiated by the biological and histological markers (Vescio, et.al., 1990). Among these two major types, non-small cell lung cancer is responsible for 85% of lung cancer (Lungcancer, 2015). Non-small cell lung cancer can also be divided into 3 common types since their spreading behaviors and microscopic structures are different. Those three are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and lastly adenocarcinoma (NIH National Cancer Institute, 2015). Among these three, Adenocarcinoma accounts for 40% of NSCLC, and it is known as the most common types of

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. An astounding average of 1.6 million deaths occur due to lung cancer every year, making it the most common type of cancer worldwide (1). Lung cancer is broadly classified into two types: small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). 85% of all lung cancer cases are NSCLC. NSCLC has several different histologic subtypes, some of which are: squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Of the three, adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 50% of all NSCLC cases, making it the most common subtype of NSCLC (2).

Lung cancer can be divided into two different types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer is the least common type and is mostly found in those that smoke a lot. It is also the most deadly because of the rapid growth it exhibits. Non-small cell lung cancer is a general term for many different types of lung cancer. These types are: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. (Mayo Clinic, 2015) Lung cancer solely attacks the lungs but could metastasize further.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in developed countries. Normally, our cells grow and multiply, as and when the body needs it. In lung cancer (as in other types of cancer), some cells may be damaged so as to start to grow and reproduce uncontrollably and, in most cases, faster than the normal cells. Lung cancer non-small cell (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and affects about eight out of 10 patients with the disease.

|Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. |

The 2015 WHO classification of lung tumours (add ref) was used to categorise biopsies by the predominant histological subtype. Of 274 cases, 167 (61%) were acinar predominant adenocarcinomas, 63(23%) solid adenocarcinomas, 19 (7%) invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas, 11(4%)lepidic predominant, papillary 9 (3.30%), two cases each of colloid (0.7%) and non- small cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS) (0.7%) and one micro-papillary predominant subtype (0.3%) (Figure 1; Figures 2A-2D; Figures 3A-3D).

In summary, lung cancer is defined as abnormal cell tissue that forms in tissues of the lungs. There are three major types of lung cancer. It is known as non small cell, small cell, lung Carcinoid tumor. In addition, there are several options of treatment and are as follows: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Therapy. Caregivers can help direct patients through this process. It is key to have education, marketing awareness about health benefits of not smoking and read RJR and other tobacco company information to be inform.