The first step in determining whether or not an individual was a taster or non-taster of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) was to obtain a sample of their DNA. Salt water was flushed in cheeks vigorously for 90 seconds and then the salt water was emptied back onto the 15-ml tube. The tube was centrifuged for 2 minutes to produce a pellet at the bottom of the tube. Then, the liquid was drained off of the top of the contents in the tube to leave only the pellet. Next, 15ml of Chelex was added to the tube containing the pellet. Chelex binds to metal ions, which have the ability to interfere with PCR. The tube is then placed in boiling water for 10 minutes to lyse the cells. After the tube is boiled it is important to keep it on ice for the remainder of the experiment. Three microliters of the clear supernatant (DNA) is then added to the tube of PCR mixture. In this PCR mixture you can find Taq polymerase, dNTPs, primers, MgCL2, buffer, and water. One of the primers altered the sequence of the DNA. In the sequence, one of the Adenine bases was changed to a Guanine. This …show more content…
While looking at the Sanger sequence of my DNA I was looking specifically for the sequence GGCC. There were three spots called snips that I needed to look at in my DNA sequence. In Figure #2 the first snip is shown. The G seen at the beginning of the blue section would be a C and the two in front of that base pair would be GG for my sequence to show me as a taster. In the next snip (Figure #3) the base pair before the blue section would be C for tasters and T for non-tasters. In my sequence although I am a non-taster I had a C. However, if you look at the graph of probability in Figure 3, the confidence that the base pair C is low. The final snip (Figure #4) has a sequence of ATCCT highlighted in blue, which codes for a non-taster. If I were a taster of PTC the sequence would be
Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, there was a gas production seen in the media. The media was yellow slant and yellow butt indicating glucose, lactose and/or sucrose fermentation with acid accumulation in slant and butt. For sulfur reduction, it was negative since it did not turn black in color indicating no sulfur was reduced.
When the different gummy candies are placed in water for 24 hours, the size and appearance changes due to osmosis. The mass, volume, and length of the three different gummy candies were measured before and after the experiment, and the changes shown after the experiment were significant. Out of the three gummy candies used in the experiment, the gummy bears showed the least amount change in mass, volume, length, and in average changes. The gummy fruit had the most consistent results out of the candies. The results gathered showed that the gummy fruit had changes that were in the decimals, such as in the average change.
My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its
Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown
The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).
Unknown lab report# 24 Introduction Microbiology is a study of organisms that surrounds us every day. It requires an educational understanding to identify organisms, and the ability to distinguish different bacteria’s. In applying the learning process of the different bacteria’s, unknown bacteria samples are given to be studied and identified.
The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in
The purpose of the Unknown Lab is to practice and implement all that was learned in this microbiology lab this semester about the different test used in identification of an unknown bacteria and to effectively identify an unknown bacterium.
The unknown project was an experiment where the student was given a petri dish of unknown bacteria. Tests were performed on it to identify the specific species. The purpose of the experiment was to learn about the identifying tests, and procedures in the identification of specific microbes. The reason the master plate was used to create a working plate is so that if the working plate becomes contaminated, one can resort back to the master plate for the pure strain of the bacteria and create a new working plate. The purpose of the first procedure, the gram stain, was to be able to dye and then distinguish gram negative and gram-positive cells on a smear. The second procedure, the citrate test is used to see if the bacteria can use citrate as
Experiment 1 & 2: The DNA concentration was 60 ng/µL (6.00*10^4 ng/mL). The total yield was 0.6 ng (60 ng/µL DNA /100 µL H2O). The DNA sample was divided by 100 µL instead of 25 µL of H2O because the sample was diluted 4 times.
How should the unknown microscopic organisms be classified? The concept of the experiment was to conduct a systematic observation about the traits of unknown organisms, and classify them to the right group. Making detailed observations about the traits, made it possible to identify which cell the trait belonged to because different cells have different traits. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, and has one or more small vacuoles. Plant cells has a cell wall, rectangular (fixed shape), and has a chloroplasts. Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus to name a few.
Hypothesis: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the question will different food sources affect the level of activity of detoxification enzymes in bean beetles? The class alternate hypothesis is different food sources will affect the level of activity of the detoxification enzymes in bean beetles. The null hypothesis is the different food sources will not have any effect on the level of activity of the detoxification enzymes in bean beetles. Experimental design: The independent variables in this experiment were the types of beans (bean 1 was mung beans and bean 2 was adzuki beans) and enzymes assays used.
The primary function of the digestive system is to transfer nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the food consume into the body’s internal environment. The ingested food is essential as an energy source, or fuel, from which the cells can generate ATP to carry out their particular energy-dependent activities such as contraction, transport, synthesis, secretion and even renewal of body tissues. Three primary categories of food ingested by humans which are carbohydrates, proteins and fats emerge as large molecules. These large molecules cannot cross plasma membranes intact to be absorbed from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph; hence, it must undergo degradation in size (Sherwood, 2013). This
2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.
Carbohydrates are the product that made up from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are form by the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional group in it which is the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups.A reducing sugar is a type of sugar with is an aldehyde group.This means that sugar can act as a reducing agent.The procces of reducing sugar is isomerisation,example of reducing sugar islactose,maltose,glucose and fructose.All monosaccharides are capable of reducing other chemicals such as copper (II) sulphate to copper oxide.Beside that disaccharides such as maltose and lactose are reducing sugar,however sucrose is non reducing