the most influential and groundbreaking jazz musicians and composers of the 1950s and 1960s. The virtuoso
holds a powerful meaning. Heron is a longtime musician, poet, and author in the ‘70’s. One of the most
University of Pennsylvania Musical Independence: The Role of Music in the South-African
particular environment of that time in which the musicians who created it lived, a period much paralleled
for the African Americans as they fought to end racial segregation and discrimination, in their desire
1948, the white government of South Africa began creating one of the most brutal systems of racial segregation
and only true “American” is most certainly White. The White population has been viewed as the mainstream
identical as the next person. Diversity is close to non-existent. That is how most would say the media represents
performers, consisting of black folks singer Josh White, the extremely good jazz artists Abbey Lincoln,
not being treated with the same equality as the white people. The African Americans would rather die and