Nonverbal Communication, Persuasive Tactics

Non-verbal communication consists mainly of the things people do with their body language. There are times where words are expressed and non-verbal communication could help emphasize the message. A few examples of nonverbal communication are hand gestures eye contact, facial expressions as well as tone and volume. I was given this assignment to observe a situation and take note of the nonverbal communication that occurred. I also had to observe whether the non-verbals were able to execute the message and if the behavior was acceptable.

America’s history of Presidents has been a long and grand one. With many close races, campaigns have been a crucial part of gaining votes. However the campaigns today are completely different compared to those before those before the nineteenth century. The ideals behind each voter differed greatly and the way each party gathered votes may have been considered strange today. Compared to the days where direct appeals were looked down upon, the American society has adapted itself with the advancement media and technology has made such appeals a common thing. Political parties have had to adapt to these

Throughout American History, people expect those who run for president to fully understand the occupation and its role as president and the importance of soliciting their votes. During each election, America assumes that each candidate will thoroughly explain their positions and their values so that the people can become familiar with the candidate and begin to trust them. Over time, the way presidential candidates promote themselves to America continued to evolve in many different ways that connect more with people on a nation wide level. Also, each president has a role they must follow. They are expected to understand the qualifications of a president and its powers in position so they can truly be in running as the Chief Executive of the United States of America. Moreover, new ways of publicizing the campaigns, have become a major role in understanding each candidate. With that being said, strategizing and campaigning have changed dramatically as new technology was introduced. In early America, the presidents were limited to its abilities as laws were new and not concrete. Once the U.S. developed into its truest form, the government realized its strengths and weakness. While overcoming many obstacles in the colonies in the early times of America, then later being a whole nation as one, the government created a unique governmental system that included regulations for the president in order to keep America united and tranquil. In the early times of this nation, voting

One of the customs of Presidential elections is the debates held between the candidates prior to that event. The topics discussed in these debates are of controversial nature and their role is to target and convince undecided and independent voters - those not belonging to a specific political party.

The first part that should be studied is before the actual election, which includes political campaigns and speeches. For my political science class, we studied one of Presidents Trumps campaigns videos. In this video he portrayed Clinton as a weak and sick woman who is not fit to run a country. He also used elements of fear to show how there is the need of a strong leader. This video in particular uses elements of gender and Goffman; presentation of self. The use of stereotypes really shows the traditional gender ideals which influence the watchers (Kendell 2016:304). While campaign videos are imporant, Trump was also help charismatic authority throughout the campaign.

With the 2016 Presidential Election approaching, the citizens of the United States of America have chosen Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump as presidential candidates. The two competitors have been receiving quite a lot of attention from the media, exposing the controversies that they have been involved in. Some voters will focus on and base their votes off of these controversies rather than how each candidate will handle the United States’ problems. However, it is essential for voters to be aware of what each nominee will work towards in their four years of having power over our nation. The people should be informed of the stance of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump on the important issues that affect them and the country. By being knowledgeable about each candidate’s vision for America, voters will be able to analyze the pair of nominees and the actions that they will take to advance the U.S.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors of a campaign, and how campaigns are utilized by candidates and political parties to inform the American voter. The main question of this paper is, are campaigns necessary if citizens cast their votes based on factors that aren’t even under the control of the candidate?

Campaigns are not so cheap, as millions of dollars are spent in just campaigning for a candidate during Presidential elections. “Each campaign emphasizes selected facts and cues aimed at getting at least a plurality of voters to the polls” (499, 6th edition). The goal of campaigns is to communicate the meaning of the election to the American citizens. The various facts and cues delivered to American citizens in different campaigns helps the citizens choose which presidential candidate would be their best pick. “Candidates and campaigns are also encouraged by elections to help solve the immense amount of coordination problem, which are confronted by millions of American citizen voters doing their best to act mutually to control or change their agents” (521, 6th edition). All candidates and campaigns do their best to communicate to the people that they are the best by explaining their motives and showing that they are the right and best candidates running

Political campaigns can elevate a candidate’s position, or a poorly run campaign can doom that candidate’s chances no matter how good the candidate is. At the end of the day all that matters is winning. That is the goal of political campaigns in a nutshell. There have been many tactics implemented when trying to run a campaign. Of the tactics implemented there are those that are believed to work better than others. Of those that work better than others are, mobilizing base voters by properly identifying who they are, having a clear message and spreading that message to voters, debate performances and fundraising efforts. In this paper the 2008 presidential campaign of current president Barack Obama will be measured along with the 2004 presidential campaign of John F. Kerry. In this paper both campaigns will be analyzed on what tactics they used properly, where they were not as effective and what could have been differently.

For the people that don’t have much education or don't know much about a candidate, this would be a perfect opportunity to find out a little more information for the voter can know on which candidate is better for them. The bottom line of a campaign contains ideas that whichever candidate shares with the eligible citizens. It is meant for getting people to agree with there plans if they were to win a type of political office. They do this for they can support them while running for that political

There are two types of persuasive tactics that an individual could use to get other people to agree to their requests or favors. The first tactic that an individual could use is called "Foot in the Door" which occurs when an individual gets other people to agree to their small requests/favors which then leads to a greater possibility that those people will agree when they ask for a much bigger request/favor. In order words, if people accept the first small request, they are likely to say yes to the second request. The second request/favor is the true intention that the individual wants to get. The reason that people are more inclined to agree to both requests is due to them wanting to be a consistent and agreeable person.

Since the use of the television sparking in the 1940’s, people have tuned in to watch the presidential elections. As they watch, they are connected to the candidates through interviews and debates, shown in the Nixon-Kennedy election, and with Bill Clinton in the 1990’s. Political image has not only misinformed voters, it has also turned politicians away from pursuing issues and instead focusing on their image.

The attending behaviors include “head movements, mirroring, tone of voice, silence, furthering response, body positioning, eye contact” (Skills Graphic, 2012). Social workers can use verbal and non-verbal skills when they respond to their client’s. “One way to do this is to convey interest through the use of words and through nonverbal communication. There are many ways that the social worker can communicate concern, caring, and involvement with the client nonverbally. Tone of voice, eye contact, body positioning and head movements, a warm smile, furthering responses, statements such as “please go on” or “tell me more about what happened” and mirroring the client’s emotional/facial responses are all components of this skill” (Cormier et al., 2008). If a client feels valued and understood than they are more likely to open up and talk to the social worker about their feelings and needs. In addition, a social worker needs to be sensitive to culture variations and different pattern of communication and respect clients and their uniqueness and differences.

Political campaigns are very significant in American politics and elections. It is the period before the electorate makes political decisions in the form of elections. The attention of the citizens towards politics intensifies as the date of the elections draws near. The salience of voters improves as the election date draws near and could manifest in the form of increased media attention. Political discussions, campaign interest, strength of the intention to vote, and knowledge about the candidates are other manifestations of increased salience of voters. Another indication of improved intensity is the effort put by the candidates and their political parties in the campaigns. Parties increase their efforts in the

“Systematic research on the role of nonverbal behavior in social interaction has been common only in the past 20 to 25 years.”(Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 30).because that statement was published in 1983, it is apparent that the study of nonverbal behavior has been around for roughly 50 to 55 years. However, that is still a relatively recent amount of time compared to research in other science fields such as chemistry or biology. Despite the fact that this field is relatively recent there are many theories about our interaction with others. This paper will discuss the nonverbal expectancy theory along with two other theories, and describe how these theories can work together.