Normal Percipient Analysis

For example, a person may hear a sound but experience it as colour, i.e. they will “hear” the colour red.

In another study, five experiments were conducted to determine if coloring a single Stroop element reduced automaticity or slowed the processing of a color. The results demonstrated that indeed it slowed processing of congruent and neutral stimuli more than it slows processing of incongruent stimuli (Monahan, 2001).

When trying to understand the concept of color blindness we first need to understand what the term means. It is a set of beliefs in which white individuals judge non-white individuals as if they were treated equally ignoring past racism (Scott p. 77). Individuals who use color blindness do so through four central frames usually used together. The four frames are abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism. To understand how the four frames are sometimes used together we need to understand their meaning.

Furthermore, Christina Judith Hein, in Color-Blindness vs. Race Matters claims that a common goal cannot be that every individual is treated the same, regardless of their race, gender, or age, but rather, these differences require different responses within the social framework with certain norms and values. Reactions to an individual must be specific to that individual’s needs.

It was the 17th century British scientist Thomas Willis who recognized that the custard like tissue of the brain was where our mental world existed. The brain is an electric organ. Now we know that instead of animal spirits, voltage spikes travel through it and out into the body’s nervous system.

In another research conducted by Dr. Gerald Jacobs, Professor of Psychology at the University of Santa Barbara, dogs were given three circles of varied colors and were taught to choose the one that looked “different”. The dogs couldn’t pick out the odd one out when they were presented with colors they supposedly couldn’t detect. However, when they were offered with colors that they can perceive, they were able to point out the “different” one. Through this test, the researchers were able to conclude which colors dogs have trouble detecting, and which ones they can see with no problem. This also cemented the idea that dogs see in dichromatic vision, same as color-blind

As many people have different appearance, people also are color blind. In recent day, people who are color blind usually treat from others, since they had contrary inner appearance. People who are color blind, they catch out the grass as orange. Either, they cannot distinguish between two different colors. To someone who are color-blind, a green leaf might look gray, and stunned observers eyed strangely. However, we could not detected anything erroneous with the “Eye”. People is completely matter of fact, usually, the overall situation is beneficial, despite a few minor problems. Nonetheless, there was already immense problem settle down on the middle of human’s perspective. Therefore, the people who were already color-blinded, receiving exceptional

eg. A certain word produces a sensation of colour, or they can be bi-directional, eg. Not only is the latter true but also a colour can produce the sensation of sound. Some examples of two sensory synaesthesia are: Coloured Hearing - where sound evokes a sensation of colour. It has been recorded that an opera is like experiencing a painting.

For us, if were asked what color the sky is we would say blue, and if we were asked what the color of the grass is, we would say green. Cultures having only one word for green and blue are going to tell you “shin” for both questions. But, if you asked them to pick the very best one, they are going to point out the same “best green”, or the same focal color, that we would select. Regardless of language, humans are able to differentiate between colors in the same manner, and that tells me that we are able to perceive things in the same way. It also shows that distinguishing colors is universal, and not cultural.

You feel the sun burning onto your skin as you gulp down some cold sweet lemonade. Your senses allow you to feel, taste, smell, hear, and most importantly they allow you to see. Our senses tend to play a large role onto how we perceive everything around us. This is stated in the poem titled, We grow accustomed to the Dark by Emily Dickinson, An essay called Coming to our Senses by Neil deGrasse Tyson, and the book review written by Matilda Battersby, which was tiled Every Second Counts. All three texts establish how our senses aren't enough to facilitate our understanding.

Perception is “an apparently immediate apprehension or cognition of an object now present in a particular locality or region of space” (James 79). The most essential source of knowledge is experience, which originally comes from our senses. Perception is the process by which we construct a version of reality, ultimately “making sense of the world” through our experiences (or senses). However, a long held conflict concerning the limitations our senses, which essentially play a vital role in perception, has brought about the possibility of perceptual bias and selective perception. Many psychologists and philosophers believe this to be impossible, considering that "the capacity for perception is a basic capacity of an organ."

Another question from my group was, “How do we know we see the same colors as one another?” I believe this question is based on perspective, because the only way we can distinguish one color from another is by perceiving them as different. If Brady and I are looking at an apple and he says it’s red, this does not mean that the apple is actually red. Brady may say it is red, however, what he perceives as red could be seen by me as green. It is red in the sense that whatever color he is perceiving is the color that he learned was red while growing up. Additionally, while people grow up they are taught to associate certain things with another, such as: the sky is blue, the grass is green, don’t eat snow if it is yellow, and everyone needs to sing at church. One example that I like is, the color red stimulates hunger. This can be seen all over at fast food restaurants whose logo contains red such as: McDonalds, Arby’s, Burger King, KFC, Hardy’s, Dairy Queen, etc. Thus, if red is associated with hunger, then, even though Brady may be seeing red, which is my green, and I see red, which could be Brady’s blue, we are still both experiencing the feeling of hunger, because of the associations we created while growing

Trichromatic Theory is the theory that the retina contains three different colour receptors, and when they intermingle they can create the perception of any colour, the retina contains cones that are sensitive to three different wavelengths of light blue, green, and red. When all three signals are received the brain perceives white. The Opponent-Process Theory says that colour vision depends on complimentary processes in the brain; black and white, blue and yellow, and red and green. The Trichromatic Theory describes how colour can be perceived by the cells in the eyes, but does not explain how the brain translates these signals. The Opponent-Process Theory process takes place in the brain. The Opponent Process explains afterimage because neurons

Throughout the course of this semester, we have been learning about how and why we perceive our sensations the way that we do. We have learned about color and how vision is the most important out of our senses. If our eyes are the most valuable, what happens when one can’t perceive color the way most people do?

One of Smarts main points is that “a man is a vast arrangement of physical particles, but not, over and above this, sensations or state of consciousness.” (Pg.584). What I took from this point was that Smart was trying to express that the mind isn’t some sort of thing that exists separate from the brain. The mind at most exists within the brain but isn’t some kind of physical thing or separate existence within us. I believe that the mind and brain work together and have a connection but they do not exist as the same thing. If everything were just measurable brain processes we would all act and feel the exact same way about every experience. We wouldn’t use our consciousness to differ between what is right or wrong when our brain sees and hears different situations. Take putting your hand on a burner for example, our brain tells us to put our hand on a burner, and we register that we are feeling pain and that it is painful but without or consciousness and our mind we wouldn’t register to tell our brains to pull our hand away. Our mind takes experiences we have lived through to create our consciousness about different situations. Our mind is what makes everyone unique and our uniqueness is why we can’t measure minds in a scientific manner. Our minds are based on our unique and personal lives.