Normative Demarcation And Its Application Essay

The five social norms that I am glad exist are the standards of personal space, the expected standard for personal hygiene, the expected standard for manners in public i.e. avoiding belching or flatulating in public areas, the norm of individual choices, and the social norm of education being a standard.

My mother has always told me that certain things should not be done in public. Social norms are opinions and beliefs that are shared amongst a group. Throughout our lives our parents tell us things that aren’t socially acceptable, and that there are consequences for those actions. Those that don’t act in ways that are socially acceptable are isolated from society. Norms help to guide the general public by reinforcing it with a punishment in waiting.

Beginning education, puberty and marriage are three examples of normative age- graded influences in my life. Beginning school helped me to develop myself in the outside world while learning to socialize with my peers. Puberty made form an idea of what I wanted to be in life even though back then I was uncertain of the changes being reflected in myself such as body, thoughts and behaviors. However, I opted new behaviors and started thinking differently. Similarly, marriage made me jump to a second stage in my life as I learned how to be an adult. Between beginning school and puberty, marriage is a significant influence in my life as it made me gain a deeper level of matureness than what I did on puberty. It also helped me to build new perspectives about my future.

While brainstorming for examples of normative age-graded, normative history-graded and nonnormative examples; I found it easier to pick out the normative age-graded and normative history-graded examples versus the nonnormative examples. I feel thankful and lucky to say this because that means I was not abused, lost my parents at a young age or anything too memorable. In fact, my nonnormative examples stray from the norm of being negative and actually are some of the most positive pieces to my life.

Norm violations are a form of actions that do not seem right to some people. Let’s say that you are in a public place, you are expected to act respectful and normal. Norms describes the expectation of a behavior. (James M. Henslin) One can perform a norm violation by doing the opposite of that, like invading personal space. There can be different reactions to violated norms which sociologists call sanctions. (Henslin) Mores, folkways, and values revolve around norms as well.

Throughout life, in any society we develop a sense to conform and adjust to our surroundings but why? Our values in our society determines our norms and why we do the things we do. I recently sought out to break these social conformities that violated the values, and norms we hold as a society. Every society is different and, in every society there are different and similar values, norms, sanctions folkways, and mores. Breaking them up and analyzing them we began to understand why these terms and values are so important to us.

The objective of norm in American, by Michael Schudson, explores how and why the objective norms developed in American journalism. Objective is one of the most important occupational values of American journalism, it can be identified by following measures: express allegiance, ethnographers’ observations and occupational routines, resist with the challenging behaviour, impersonality and non-partisanship in news content. Differencing from some scholars’ opinions that economic and technological change enhances the ethic of objective, Schudson thinks four conditions encourage the articulation of norms. Two of them are Durkheimian, the other two are Weberian. One of the Durkheimian conditions thinks the emergence of norm is to achieve

According to Gordon (1976), "It is clear to the teenager that he or she should have a date after school, and it is clear to the average man or woman that he should have a mate, family, a circle of friends." Cultural expectations for social relationships change with age. For instance, while it is appropriate for young children to have their primary emotional attachment to their parents, young adults are expected to develop new attachments to dating partners and later to a spouse. Therefore, Daniel Perlman and Letitia Anne Peplau stated that when a person's social relationships do not keep pace with age-related changes in normative standards for relationships, he or she is likely to feel

There are some demarcations to science from pseudo-science and non-science (Hansson, 2008). Science aims to unravel the way the natural world is and explain how it is and why it works in a particular manner (Hobson, 2001 & Bunge, 1982). It answers few of these questions by demonstrating the cause and the effects of various actions by presenting in descriptive and explanatory claims (Parse, 1995). Scientists prove their findings by explaining

This is a very difficult situation for Josh it is up to him to decide what is the best thing to do. His decision should base on reasons, facts and subjective insights. Josh should look at the normative Vs. the positive analysis principle. As the book define it normative analysis incorporates subjective judgment about what the ought to be done. And positive analysis focuses on how things might be done without subjective judgments of what is “best”. In my opinion josh should leave the fishing and go back to be with ill father that might be his only change to see his father alive. I understand going to the fishing season might what his father wanted for him at this point he must listen to his got felling and which is more

Social Sciences consist of many different disciplines and those disciplines can be in conflict (disagreement)

"Normative development" is viewed as events within a children’s development that correlate towards the matching ages, ability or skills known as the 'milestones approach' (Cherry, K (2017)). Within a child’s average development these skills are categorised under four main subtopics 1) Physical Development that includes the large motor skills used for tasks such sitting, walking, and crawling. As well as the fine motor skills that are precise movements such as grasping and picking up smaller objects. 2) Cognitive Milestones that are based around the idea of problem-solving; such as being able to learn and understand the alphabet as well as learning how to react to different situations including the correlation that may be linked to changing facial expression. 3) Social and Emotional development is centred on the basis of being able to gain a better understanding of personal emotions and those of others. Social milestones also help to explain a child’s interactions with others such as learning to play. Finally, 4) Communication milestones that involve non-verbal and verbal communication skills (Cherry, K (2017))

Demarcation is a philosophical problem with far reaching implications in our daily lives, both theoretically and practically. The issue of demarcation stems from the idea of how to distinguish science from pseudoscience and attempts to establish a set of criterion from which individuals can determine the empirical nature of a certain theory. Philosophical musings regarding demarcations have been around for the past hundreds of years. For the philosophers that we read, this time was during the era when Marx, Freud, Adler and Einstein were all proposing or had recently proposed their respective theories. Philosophers such as Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos all sought to determine the scientific nature of Freudian’s Id and Ego as well as Marx’s political beliefs. Popper, the earliest of the philosophers we read regarding the issue of demarcation proposed that a certain theory can only be deemed science if that theory had the ability to be proven false. Kuhn, on the other hand, attempted to define the problem of demarcation as that which solves puzzles rather than testing theories. Finally, Lakatos notes that a theory can be proven scientific if and only if it has the ability to prove an unusual future event. While all these philosophers indeed have powerful arguments, I found those to be proposed by Popper and Lakatos the most intriguing. My view on demarcation closely parallels that of Lakatos, however I do understand Popper’s position but notice pitfalls in his argument. The problem

Society, without even saying a word, has given us rules and guidelines that we have to abide. Social norms are rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable or appropriate within a culture. They are so embedded within our daily life that often we do not notice them. Because norms are so ingrained within our society, deviation of social norms can lead to be ostracized or even arrested depending on the situation. Violating norms, like promoting hate message about poor people, in society can be explained through the functionalism theory.

Laudan (1983) claimed that the problem of demarcation can be traced back to ancient Greece and Aristotle. Aristotle asserted that from general laws one can deduce scientific theories that are consequently truthful statements. Pseudoscientific theories according to Aristotle are not deductively formulated and therefore cannot be considered scientific. However this method of demarcation is flawed: pseudosciences such as astrology can be vacuously true and most are reluctant to say astrology is scientific. We can already see from this early stage that the distinctions between science and pseudoscience are murky and the formulation of demarcation can be challenging.