North Korea's Rationality
Chau Tak Huen
“... there is also always some reason in madness.” - Friedrich Nietzsche
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Introduction
Often referred as an 'irrational' wildcard, North Korea (officially the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, ‘DPRK’) is a state involved in multiple acts that are referred as 'mad' by its counterparts. From the long-term self-harming actions that leave many astonished, to the unrealistic threats of aggression, to complete provocations against South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, ‘ROK’), North Korea leaves the appearance of a ‘mad’ state. In this essay, I will explain why North Korea’s ‘madeness’ may be compatible with rationality due to impatience, uncertainty and bargaining.
1.2 Background
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After Soviet-backed North Korea invaded US-backed South Korea, more than three years of bloody warfare ensued. Despite all casualties, the territorial divide between the Koreas remained roughly the same, with the two states divided among the thirty-eighth parallel by an armistice. (Stueck, 1995) Apart from a brief period in the last decade when tensions eased, the two states continued to espouse intense hostilities against one another, with no formal peace agreements negotiated. (Sigal, 2002) From time to time, North Korea commits acts that are considered aggression under International Law, including but not limited to tunneling to South Korea, launching missiles towards South Korean military facilities and allegedly sinking a South Korean warship. Coupled with Pyongyang’s secrecy in foreign policy making, North Korea’s mixed foreign policy signals, at times, may cause one to believe that they are
North Korea is a Totalitarian country that often uses many different fear tactics to control their citizens. “ Her brother who was arrested in China in 1994 for attempting to “defect” from the DPRK... As an example to others against committing similar “anti-state” offenses, he was tied to the back of a truck which took him to their hometown, Musan.”(North Korean control #3 doc A) Someone's brother was arrested in China for trying to defect from North Korea, and as an example, he was dragged around by a truck to show people not to try and escape. This shows that North Korea wanted to impose fear on their citizens, so they wouldn’t try to leave. “The woman she knew was lined up alongside eight other prisoners... her crime was having watched South
The northern border is known as the DMZ (demilitarized zone) it is the most heavily armed border in the world. At 2.5 miles wide and 150-miles long the heavily mined and guarded area has served as a buffer zone since the cease fire in 1953.(3) The united States helps to guard the DMZ and protect the ROK with approximately 30,000 troops and an arsenal of military equipment. The country of South Korea is unable to maintain their own Nuclear weapons and relies on the US Militaries nuclear weapons program to match North Koreas Nuclear weapons program. Although the ROK army is well equipped and well trained it lacks the sheer numbers and nuclear capabilities to match North Korea. Therefore the ROK relies heavily on the United States military assistance. However with the ROK’s consistent progression and strong economy it’s only a matter of time before the ROK will no longer need the help of the USA. (4)
The Korean peninsula has been a volatile area since the end of World War II. Today it is the last example of a single nation divided between two states, represents the longest division of ideologies, and is the archetype of enduring Cold War symptoms. Although small in size, The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been the biggest obstacle to regional stability in Asia, its militant and hostile policies posing a threat not only to western aligned nations, but also to its former and present benefactors, Russia and China. This dangerous country represents a very important target for the United States’ Intelligence Community, an extremely difficult one to exploit, but one that cannot be ignored as North Korea’s ambitions
Kim Jong-Un, the First Chairman of the National Defence Commission, an ambitious and arrogant guy. His ambitious identity could be exposed from: ‘Threatening to fire his increasingly capable missiles toward the United States’ and ‘By declaring war on South Korea’ [Inside the mind of
Background: Ever since the presidency of Harry Truman, we have been constantly involved in foreign conflicts due to fear of the spread of communism. As a consequence of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, Korea was divided into two governments. During Mr. Truman’s presidency, the spread of communism was increasing in tension due to the North Korean invasion of South Korea. The United States believed that it was not in its best interests to let Korea fall to communist power. As a result, the U.S. joined the war in efforts to stop the downfall of South Korea. The north koreans received aid from communist China and the war went on until the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed. This agreement set up a demilitarized zone
The Korean War represented a global expansion of the Cold War, but also set the limits and boundaries in which the belligerents would act, for decades to come (Judge & Langdon, 85, 99). Furthermore, the conflict in Korea was the first time in which the Cold War turned ‘hot’ (“Korea”, CNN). This violent clash of ideologies was the result of a complex series of events that began with the initiation of the Cold War.
Understanding how North Korea as a country defines itself in a changing world. Where do they derive their customs and practices, political standings and military power? Define North Korea’s history leading into the modern age and define its culture and characteristics and how they interact with the world today. Understanding a subject as broad as the term culture begins where the culture began with the birth of civilization and the people that influenced it. There are many factors that play a role in the shaping of a nation none so much as turmoil and conflict and the Korean peninsula saw its fair share for the better part of a millennia. A complete statistical breakdown of North Korea shows a struggling nation that strongly depends on
On June 25th, 1950 the United States engaged in conflict with North Korea. This left a mark on North Korea. Prior to when we engaged, Korea was ruled by Japan (1910) until after WWII ended. In the summer of August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. The United States joined and by 1948, as a result of the cold war between the Soviet Union and the U.S. Korea split into two separate countries. This resulted in a government argument between the two sides and neither agreed on a final answer which leads to war. On July 23, 1953, an armistice was signed between North and South Korea, they agreed to lead each country the way they believed was correct ( Korean Demilitarized Zone). To this day, both sides of Korea are far within peace. This is exactly why we shouldn’t engage with North Korea because it would lead innocent civilians to death. Not only will it cause death but it will also lead to a change of lifestyle for the North Koreans, which we do not want.
North Korea appears on the international stage as a country existing beyond the world we all know. It isolates its citizens from the rest of international community and does not obey any rules determined by international law, but requires respect and recognition. Moreover, North Korea is one of the countries that remains aggressive towards its neighbors and applies various terrorist techniques, i.e. illegal contraband, political terror and mass abductions of other countries’ citizens in its foreign policy. The reasons for which the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) behaves so unpredictably and irrationally are diversified. First of all, the DPRK as a country is managed very irrationally – regimes of Kim Il-sung and
The theory of Realism provides reasons why North Korea has positioned the nuclear weapon debate at the centre of its policy. One of the fundamental assumptions of Realism is in fact that each state, embedded in an international order characterized by a condition of antagonism, attempt to pursue its
Kim Jongun, has mentioned before that he wants the world to look up to his strong country as a nuclear power, rather than just a mere country with multiple sanctions shouting big words. This in the past has led to various consequences from hegemonies all around the world who feel threatened by the implications of a young tyrant in charge of ICBMs. This is a clear example of the security dilemma in which the entire world, the anarchy that it is, has to control minor nations that strive for hegemony at the expense of the larger nations’ security and loss of leverage. Unfortunately, it seems that despite the clear warnings from the superior nations, the North Korean dictator has no interest in abiding by international rules and is far more fascinated with realist ideologies of projections of power.
The rising tension over the sinking of a South Korean ship reached to a serious conflict between South Korean and North Korea. South Korean is accusing North Korean for firing the torpedo on purpose which resulted in 46 sailors deaths. According to Yonhap news, North Korean military official accused the South of intruding into North Korean waters in the Yellow Sea. North Korea sends a warning message to South Korea by firing torpedo to warn South Korea to not intrude in to their waters in Yellow Sea. North Korea doesn’t want to admit to their mistake; instead they are threatening to retaliate with military actions if South Korea won’t stop with accusations.
This essay will delve into United States foreign policy for North Korea explaining both perspectives of the theories Marxism and Realism relating to international relations. The main focus of the overall policy in question from the last paper was strategic patience, nuclear proliferation, economic sanctions, and hacking. Another interesting and relevant topic, to be added, is about the food aid provided repeatedly by the U.S. in false hope for possible proliferation of North Korea.
allies and interests, resulting in the stationing of U.S. forces in South Korea and Japan. However, it has also been the subject of a policy experiment. Both Republican and Democratic administrations have tried to engage Pyongyang in order to improve relations and end its objectionable behavior. That policy, albeit politically controversial, particularly during the Clinton administration, is probably here to stay, not just because its attraction has been compelling to a cross-section of mainstream Democrats and Republicans, but also because political trends in Northeast Asia, particularly the ongoing rapprochement between North and South Korea, only reinforce the logic of engagement. The key question for the new administration is how it should shape its diplomatic policy towards North Korea to further U.S. interests in a region possibly transitioning away from the cold war confrontation of the past five decades to some unknown status.
It can be said that in the case of the USA and North Korea, the current tensions developed further because of the start of nuclear weapons programmes in North Korea which created panic in US government (Pevehouse and Goldstein, 2017, p. 31). Realism highlights how this shift in the balance of power threatens US security as they are no longer a more