Note on Volcanoes

Volcanoes can be found throughout the entire world and are formed when there is a rupture in the mantle of the Earth's crust. This effect allows the output of volcanic lava, ash, and various types of gases. These tectonic plate breaks are normal, the planet Earth is divided into 17 tectonic plates and consistently move against each other forming shifts from low to high intensity. It can cause displacement of earth or water.

The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to

A volcano is defined as a mountain or hill that usually has a cup like crater at the summit. A volcano can be compared to a vent in the earths crust through which lava, ashes and steam are expelled (Volcano, n.d.). There are three main types of volcanoes that scientist have discovered active, dormant, and extinct (howstuffworks.com). Active volcanoes are the ones which have erupted recently, or are expected to blow soon (howstuffworks.com). For example Kilauea volcano on Hawaii is the world’s most active volcano (volcanodiscovery.com). A dormant volcano is one that hasn’t erupted in a long while but has a chance erupt again in the future (howstuffworks.com). Best example there is of a dormant volcano is Mauna Kea which is one of the five mountains that make up the big island of Hawaii (Crain, 2009). And extinct volcanoes are the ones that erupted thousands of years ago and has no possibility of erupting again (howstuffworks.com). An extinct volcano is mount Buninyong which is located in Austria the last time this volcano erupted was a little over ten centuries ago and is now somewhat a tourist attraction.

What is a volcano: A volcano is a mountain created by the earth. It also creates a hole where molten rock (lava) erupts. A volcano is filled of magma but when the magma erupts and is out of the volcano it is now called lava. When a volcano erupts it fills the air with lava fragments. A volcano can cause a lot of destruction like tsunamis, flash floods, mudflows, rockfalls, and earthquakes. Most volcanoes are located where the tectonic plates meet. Most

To begin, a volcano is a mountain with an opening in the top or side that sometimes sends out rocks, ash, lava, in a sudden eruption (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). A volcano erupts when pressure builds inside the mountain. Magma, lava while it is inside the volcanoe, pushes through the weakened crust. When this built up pressure is released, Earth’s plates move causing a volcanic eruption. Also, dangerous flows of steaming lava can reach up to 2,000

The active volcano that I chose to research is Popocatepetl volcano. Popocatepetl volcano is an active volcano located in Mexico. The volcano is oftentimes referred to as “El Popo” by many Mexicans. El Popo is a composite cone volcano. Being a composite cone volcano, El Popo is characterized by a steep cone shape, which was created by many composite layers of material pouring out over numerous eruptions. The lava that comes out of El Popo is extremely viscous. The highly viscous lava does not travel very far, and typically cools down rapidly. Scientists believe that El Popo is about 730,000 years old. It has erupted more than 15 times since 1519. In 1994 El Popo produced gas and ash, which caused nearby towns to evacuate. The toxic

The Kilauea Volcano is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano. This volcano is located on Hawaii’s Big Island. The volcano is part of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Kilauea is 300,000 to 600,000 years old. The native people from the Polynesian Islands discovered Kilauea. The other four volcanoes of Hawaii are Kohala, Mauna Loa, and Mauna Kea.

The Hawaiian volcano is a shield volcano; they are the oldest continental regions of earth. They may even be the remains of ancient shield volcanoes. A shield volcano is tall and broad with flat, rounded shape. The Hawaiian volcanoes are built by countless outpourings of lava that advance great distances from a central summit vent or a group of vents. Extensive study of the Hawaiian Islands revealed that they are constructed of a myriad of thin basaltic lava flows averaging a few meters thick intermixed with relatively minor amounts of pyroclastic ejected material. During eruptions these outpourings help keep these volcanoes safe. When these volcanoes erupt lava fountains out form the volcano and is hot liquid lava is thrown into the air but usually not very high. The lava normally flows easily, and does not explode. These volcanoes also only explode if water some how gets into the vent. Mount St. Helens is composite volcano, which are also known as strato- volcanoes. They are tall, symmetrically shaped, with steep sides, sometimes rising 10,000 feet high. They are built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and cinders. The large and generally cone-shaped volcanoes form along plate boundaries called subduction zones where one of the earths plates melts as it falls back into the earth`s mantle. The eruptions are called explosive, and effusive, because vast amounts of gasses are thrown into the atmosphere, and the lava explodes and is vicious.

First there are tectonic plates that collide together that will cause an earthquake which can make the volcano erupt.

Researchers have discovered four extinct underwater volcanoes off the coast of Sydney, Australia. These volcanoes were discovered while Australia’s national science agency (CSIRO) was searching for larval lobster breeding grounds. It is believed that these volcanoes are around 50 million years old and many scientists believe that this discovery might hold clue to how Australia separated from Australia. Scientists also believe that this discover will help us better understand the Earth’s crust and the composition of the mantle layer. While these extinct volcanoes have little affect on us today, this discovery is still important because it could potentially help us understand why Australia separated from New Zealand and, in general, why the current

Volcanos typically formed as a consequence of plate tectonics. In fact, they tend to form when plates converge into each other. In the process of subduction, one plate of the lithosphere, cupped by oceanic crust, slides beneath another one, giving origin to a subduction zone. While sliding down, heat is generated and water is released, causing the formation of magma that rises up to the surface and forms volcanos parallels to overriding plate. The Pacific West region of the United States is known for presenting this type of structure in which the oceanic lithosphere pushes towards the continent and sinks down into the asthenosphere.

Volcanoes in Hawaii are dangerously spewing lava into the sea. People who live in the area like tour guides need to avoid the danger it brings. “Tour boat captains whose vessels cruise along the shoreline are constantly watching the cliffs and lava to keep their passengers safe.”(Jones) The area is constantly changing because if the lava making new landforms so locals have to keep an eye out. The workers who work at the park need to keep an eye on the tourist. “On land, the National Park Service is responsible for the safety of visitors along the shore. It has restricted the areas that people can enter to view the flow.”(Jones) By being around this area is extremely dangerous, but people curious mind always gets the best of them.

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object that allows lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. The Earth 's crust is made up of huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The friction caused by the plates moving from time to time results in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the edges of the plates.

Have you ever heard of a supervolcano, the most explosive type of volcano on earth? The most famous super volcano on earth is in Yellowstone which has been dormant for 630,000 years, but will erupt in the near future which can be predicted. It can project magma more than 1,000 cubic kilometers. Volcanoes are usually formed along plate boundaries. A volcano can be formed when a oceanic crust is subducted under a continental crust. This creates immense pressure because the substantial weight of the continental crust is sitting on top of the subducted oceanic crust. When the pressure and heat becomes too great, magma from the Mantle rises through cracks in the earth. When two plates converge, it can also create a volcano. Volcanoes are also created in hot spots. Hawaii is an example of a hot spot. A hot spot is created by rising plumes of hot magma which originate in the asthenosphere. One of the ways scientists classify volcanoes is by their activity. There are three main types of volcanoes based on activity: active, dormant and extinct. Active means that they could erupt at any time, dormant means that they haven’t erupted for a long time but could erupt in the future, and extinct means that the volcano will never erupt again. There are more than 1,500 volcanoes on earth, and about 80 of them are under water.

Volcanoes are parts of the Earth’s crust that have been forced in an upward position causing a mound like landform on the surface or in water. What lies beneath is magma that has been building up pressure for thousands of years, pushing through a crack or break in the earth’s crust waiting to be released. Once a volcano is finally relived of the pressure, it sends lava flowing and spewing out of the top. Another thing that volcanoes let off is volcanic ash and gases that can be very harmful to any living thing if exposed to these elements.