Notes On Fundamentals Of Fluid Mechanics

molar enthalpy of reaction to be ΔH = –355 ± 17 kJ/mol at 0°C, 24% lower than the textbook

Poiseuille’s law states the volume in a tube is directly proportional to pressure difference between both ends of the tube and inversely related to the length. Poiseuille’s law was discovered by Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille in 1840 (Poiseuille’s). Jean Louis used his experiments to find the smooth, laminar flow in circular tubing (Jean-Louis). His findings can be described as the flow of blood through the body and bronchial smooth muscle.

Enthalpy (H)- The sum of the internal energy and the pressure – volume product of a system H= E + PV.

The objective of this exercise is to measure the pressure distribution across the surface on an aerofoil in a wind tunnel. The aerofoil is tested under several different Mach numbers from subsonic to supercritical. The purpose of measuring the pressure distributions is to assess the validity of the Prandtl-Glauert law and to discuss the changing chracteristics of the flow as the Mach number increases from subsonic to transonic.

Assuming no viscous forces present an inviscid model has been used for the calculations. Also from the equation of the Reynolds number Re=ρvl/μ due to Re being really big rearranging and assuming v and l to be constant the viscous force μ =ρvl/Re becomes negligible.

This experiment is conducted in order to study a condensed system (solid-liquid) at constant temperature (atmospheric temperature). It should be noted that the atmospheric pressure is unlikely to be the equilibrium pressure for the system. However, equilibria in condensed systems are not very sensitive to pressure.

The human body is made up of different components. Fluid is one of the biggest components of a person’s body. Water makes up about 50-60% of a person’s total body weight (Jill Conway, 2000). Since it is such a colossal part of our life, it is important for us to become educated in the definitions and importance of fluid and electrolytes in our bodies.

An example that displays these concepts is a tuning fork. The back and forth motion vibration of the tines creates disturbances to surrounding air molecules. As the tine stretches outward surrounding air molecules are compressed into a smaller space, which creates high pressure. As the tine moves inward the surrounding air expands, which creates low pressure. In essence, the vibrating pattern of the tines

Rather than what variety of fluid to administer, the issue of administration volume has been the issue of greatest concern. Initiating fluid resuscitation with critical non-invasive hemodynamic parameters is relatively straightforward, yet assessing fluid responsiveness, the potential for a positive hemodynamic response to additional fluid volume, is much less clear. Fluid overloading is a concern as it may generate life-threatening pulmonary edema, additional cardiac stress, and peripheral edema6. A range of modalities exist to assess fluid responsiveness with various ranges of invasiveness and skill levels to interpret. Utilizing central venous pressure parameters has not been shown to be efficacious in the determination of fluid responsiveness34. Alternatively, dynamic arterial waveform modalities have been shown to predict fluid responsiveness with a high degree of accuracy in patients on a ventilator35.

As told at the beginning of this lab report, our aim of this experiment was to test the validity of Hess’s law which suggests that the enthalpy change of a reaction must be equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of the other reactions that relate to the original reaction. Our result achieved from this experiment is the simple proof of Hess’s Law’s validity.

Fluid restrictions vary depending on physicians and the patient’s individual scenario. The restrictions typically are between 1,000 and 1,500 mL a day of fluid. “A fluid allowance for patients is calculated on an individual basis depending on urine output and dialysis settings. It is vital to follow your nephrologist/nutritionists fluid intake guidelines” (Orange, 2016). It is important with what the physician orders to make sure the patient follows it strictly and doesn’t go over the allowed amount in the twenty four hours. “People on dialysis often have decreased urine output, so increased fluid in the body can put unnecessary pressure on the person’s heart and lungs” (Orange, 2016). I would have to check the order for this patient to be

Mass of water x 4.2 (water’s specific heat capacity) x temperature change = energy transferred from the fuel to the water

3. Calculate the total heat released in each reaction, assuming that the specific heat of the solution is the same as for pure water (4.18J/gK). Use q=mcΔT. Show work here and record your answer in Data Table 2.

Considering a viscous liquid that is being pumped through a smooth pipe with the parameters:

Kandasamy et al. [8] investigated the effects of chemical reaction, heat source and thermal stratification on heat and mass transfer in MHD flow over a vertical stretching surface. Mingchun et al. [9] analyzed the effect of non-thermal equilibrium model of the coupled heat and mass transfer in strong endothermic chemical reaction system of porous media. The problem of combined heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid in MHD natural convection adjacent to a vertical surface is analyzed by Chen [10] by taking into account the effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation but neglected chemical reaction of the species. Ghaly and Seddeek [11] have investigated the effect of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on laminar flow along a semi-infinite horizontal plate with temperature dependent viscosity. The mass transfer with chemically reactive species for two classes of viscoelastic fluid over a porous stretching sheet is discussed by Cortell [12]. Andersson et al. [13] discussed the