Notes On Principal Investment Strategies

Inflation erodes the purchasing power of a bond 's future cash flows. A rise in inflation will cause investors to demand higher yields to compensate for inflation rate risk. Also, prices will tend to drop because the bond will be paying interest with less purchasing power.

The bonds can be issues with fixed interest or variable rate interest, each of which has its advantages and there disadvantages.

Bonds require a minimum amount of money to purchase and a minimum length of time to hold on to the bond.

For example, stocks traditionally have a potential for higher return than bonds over time because stocks are usually a riskier investment than bonds.

Risk refers to any potential problems that would threaten the likelihood of success for or any project. These potential problems might prevent a project from achieving some or all of its objectives by increasing time and cost. Risk factors can even

Since the probability of it being called is high, people will not want to buy and own the bond because it will be bought back in a short period of time.

Government: Commonwealth, state and government trading enterprises D. Overseas—the rest of the world 6. The risk that impacts specifically on the share price of a particular company is called: A. economic risk B. business risk C. systematic risk D. unsystematic risk 7. When investors buy and sell shares based on receiving new information on shares and markets, this is known as: A. active investment B. a diversified strategy C. a market replication strategy D. passive investment 8. To track the S&P500, a fund manager can buy: A. all the stocks in the S&P500 B. an S&P500 index fund C. a percentage of stocks that essentially tracks the index D. All of the given answers. 9. The correlation of pairs of securities within a portfolio is called: A. co-association B. correspondence C. covariance D. variance 10. The correlation between two shares: A. can take on positive values

Systematic risk results from factors that affect all stocks. The risk of a project from the viewpoint of a well-diversified shareholder. This measure takes into account that some of the project’s risk will be diversified away as the project is combined with the firm’s other projects, and, in addition, some of the remaining risk will be diversified away by shareholders as they combine this stock with other stocks in their portfolios.” (Keown PG, 510)

Risk is defined as the probability that a company will become insolvent and will not be able to meet its obligations when they become due for payment. The profitability versus

Market risk is the risk of potential loss in value of investment and other asset liability portfolios, including financial instruments, caused by changes in market variables, such as interest and currency exchange rates and equity and commodity prices. GE is exposed to market risk in the normal course of business operations as a result of ongoing investing and funding activities.

Bond’s with collateral will have lower coupon rate as bondholders have claim on collateral no matter what. It provides an asset which lowers default risk. Downside to company is that this collateral cannot be sold as an asset and needs to maintain it.

It provides an evaluation of the bond issuer’s financial strength and ability to pay back the bond’s principle and interest. The bond rating also provides investors with some sense of security when investing in a particular firm. A higher bond rating implies a lower likelihood for the firm to default. Investors would feel more secured investing in such a bond, thus demanding a relatively lower rate of return. As such, high rated bonds enable the issuer to enjoy a lower cost of borrowing. A lower bond rating, on the other hand, serves as a negative signal to investors on the firm’s ability to repay debt obligations.

In fact, bond investments are carried out in several ways, depending on the type of bond:

1. The fund deals with technology driven companies due to the expertise of its fund manager in that area; comfortable in prediction of individual stock

A bond is debt to whoever sells the bond to an inventor. If you buy an IBM bond, you are loaning money ($1000) to IBM instead of a bank loaning money to them. Just like a bank, you are going to charge IBM interest on your money, as well as a return of principle when the loan is due (ten years later). The company does not go to the bank to borrow the money, because the bank will rate the company as a high risk company. Hence, banks are really tight with their money. High yields bond investment relies on an credit analysis in that it concentrates on issuer fundamentals, and a "bottom-up" process. It focuses more on "downside risk default and the unique characteristics of the issuer. In a portfolio of high yield bonds,