Notes On The World And The Arabian Peninsula

The rise of Islam is greatly linked with the Prophet Muhammad, believed by Muslims to be the last in a long line of prophet that includes Moses and Jesus. Because Muhammad was chosen by God to be the messenger of his teachings, Muslims strived to follow his example. Alongside the holy book, Qur’an, the teachings of Prophet (or hadith) and his descriptions of way of life (sunna) are the most important Muslim texts. Muhammad was born into a powerful Meccan tribe, known as the “Quraish”, at around 570 A.D. The Quraish were powerful as they were merchants, and made trade along the Arabia, Syria, and Yemen routes, all crossing through Mecca (METMUSEUM, 2000-2016). Mecca, at the time was worshiping two polytheistic groups, whose Gods had protected its trade. After working for a couple years as a merchant, Muhammad was hired by Khadija, a wealthy widow to make

Before it completed 100 years of its origin, Islam had expanded across the Middle East and beyond. The rate and success of Islam 's expansion were nothing short of breathtaking. Due to Muhammad’s alluring message, personal charisma, political ingenuity, and his ability to appeal to his followers; their loyalty and devotion laid the foundation to Islam’s great conquest. When the Muslim armies swarmed through the Arab frontier, their experience with the terrain and their self-determination allowed them quickly pillage vast areas in short periods of time. As a result of the impoverished and war-torn state of both the Byzantine and Persian empires, the inhabitants of these domains were not ready for the Arab’s unexpected wave of attacks and

 In northern and central arabia , warrior aristocracies held power , south religious aristocracies tended to rule . Outside the towns were BEDOUINS   nomadic tribes that migrated  place to place with the livestock: sheep , goats and camel. (important

After the fall of the Roman Empire and right at the dawn of Dark Ages in Europe, there was the emergence of the Arabian empire. The scientist of the time studied the writings of the Greeks and Romans, but also those of Chinese and Indians and developed further the practice of aromatherapy. The Persian physician Ali-Ibn Sana, best known as Avicenna (980 -1037 A.D.), wrote books on the properties of 800 plants and their effects on the human body. He is also credited for discovering the first distiller of the essential oils, a coiled cooling pipe that he used to extract the essence of rose petals through the ‘enfleurage’ process, that method in which flower petals are placed on glass, over a thin layer of fat. Another merit of the Arabs is the

When Arabians conquered Middle East countries, they made that areas' people to accept their new rules. Enlarging of population and places, Arabians encountered obstacles to control that areas. To prevent new places against enemies, Arabians should make strong administrative system. In occupied lands Arabians ruled the countries according to Islam rules. The best known of these early Arab settlements were the aforementioned Kufa and Basra in Iraq, Fustat (later Cairo) Egypt and Qayrawan in Tunisia (Bennison A 2009). During Caliph Ummar, Empire was divided into provinces. It helped Arabians to control the places easily. Empire was ruled by Caliphs. Most of the revenue of Empire came from Taxes. Taxation system was completely changed, for instance, all the Muslim people should give taxes: zakat, khums and Christians gave jizya.

That’s why it is important for her to focus in the Arab societies that helped shape Islamic discourses on the gender system to show Islam did not emerge in isolation. Ahmed prepares the ground by contrasting and pointing out women’s position in pre-Islamic era and how certain cultural liberties deteriorated with the origin of Islamic societies. In the first chapter, she describes women’s role in Mesopotamia and how the veil and other cultural aspects came into place before the formation of Islamic societies. During this period, patriarchal families were institutionalized as a way of excluding women from becoming involved in the professional arena, which contributed to the decline of their social status. In addition, men were allotted to commit adultery with their slaves or prostitutes, whereas women would have been punished with death if found guilty of the same act. As a result, during this time, women resourced to veiling which “served not merely to mark the upper classes but, more fundamentally, to differentiate between “respectable” women and those who were publicly available…the veil classified women according to their sexual activity” (Ahmed, 1992, p. 15). Although the act of veiling consolidated the patriarchal society, women who were part of the upper class could engage in their family business, inherit property if they became priestesses. Many of the Mesopotamian laws show a parallel with the Islamic law in that

The Arabian Peninsula in the early seventh century was the perfect economical, political, social and religious setting for the rise of Islam. Its successful emergence was due in part to the adoption and rejection of various factors which allowed Islam to mirror the socioeconomic trends, traditions, practices and religious theories that were prevalent throughout the region during this time period. One of the most influential events on the rise of Islam was in the rise of Mecca as a center of trade. Mecca’s rise allowed people from various backgrounds to be exposed to and exchange ideas about culture, tradition and religion. All these ideas congealed in to some of the main concepts and ideas adopted by Islam. Yet Islam

Being home to Islam’s greatest and most revered prophet, Muhammad, Saudi Arabia, the largest Middle Eastern country occupying four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, gave rise to a new era in world history as the magnanimous Prophet’s faith and teachings quickly spread across and beyond the peninsula. The emergence of Islam eventually brought forth hadith, translated in English as ‘tradition’, which basically draws back to the sayings and deeds of Muhammad, who was and still is the only point of authority along with the Qur’an (Clarke, 1988).

The history of the Islamic religion begins in 610 C.E., with Muhammad ibn Abdallah, a merchant who every year during the month of Ramadan would “retire to a cave on the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he prayed, fasted and gave alms to the poor.” This was a common practice for many Arabs in the peninsula. Muhammad was a merchant, a member of the tribe Quraysh which had become quite wealthy trading among bordering countries. The Quraysh were focused on accumulating more wealth but at the expense of the tribe’s poorer family groups, known as clans.

Pre-Islamic Arabia was a ruthless land that featured no main government or religion. With no law in the land and now way to obtain justice besides seeking out your own vengeance there was a need for peace and a way of practicing faith in the region. War was more common in the land than anything else which stunted the growth of the region due to the constant fighting of the tribal groups. War was a way of life to most and thought of more as sport and tradition than what we think of war now. War allowed the tribes to

Historical context aids in comprehension as Islamic culture has a propensity to be static. By the conclusion of the 8th century, Islam superseded its once embryonic state by dint of swift conquests and aggrandizements of their domain. Central Asian provinces synergized with those thousands of miles away on the shores of the Atlantic in modern-day Morocco. With a cessation to the bloodshed of expansion, Islam began internal evolution. Therefore, two inimical social movements were wrought out of the dearth of skirmish and the succeeding introspection; an affluent cabal of flourishing secularists and a burgeoning sector of renunciationists. Of the

In this paper I will argue that the position of women in Islam according to the Qur 'an and Hadiths (tradition) of the Prophet differs vastly from Islam in practice, currentely. It is not the Islamic ideologies that determine the position of women in the Islamic societies; it is rather the pre-Islamic patriarchal ideologies existing in a particular society, combined with the lack of education and ignorance, which construct the Muslim women 's position. In the early days of Islam, women enjoyed more freedom than many Muslim women today.  Women were protected by laws concerning such areas as inheritance, divorce, and

The Urban Muslim Arab has a complex social structure compared to that of the rural counterpart. Arabs are divided into two extremes. On one hand the desert Arabs have are a conservative and rigid people while the townspeople have begun changing their traditions (“Introduction to Islamic Beliefs and Practices”). There has been a rapid change in culture among the Arabs. Migration, for instance, has driven Arabs from the poor countries to rich states that produce oils which has become a vital source of the region’s revenue.

Islam is one of the yongest of the world religions. It was originated in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula at the beginning of VII century. In pre-Islamic time, Arab people were devided into conflicting between each other tribes, the social and economic gap were very high. Seeking for uniting the tribes in the Hejaz of Western Arabia, Muhammad (570-632g.), who proclaimed himself as a prophet founded a community, which has formed the basis of subsequent state organization - the Arab Caliphate. The prophet Muhammad was

As a probable cradle of the Semitic family, the colony took care Arabian peninsula those peoples who later migrated and became historically Babylonians, Assyrians, Phoenicians. During the Middle Ages in the Arabian Peninsula was influenced people who mastered most part, then cultural world. This is where it originated Islamic faith. Arabs belong to the world conqueror, in the course of a century after their appearance, they became masters of the empire that stretched from the Atlantic coast to the borders of China.