Notes on Health Screening

I do belive in standardize testing for all ages. I feel as if the word "testing" may not be appropriate because I do not think these test are pass or fail. I think some form of standerdized testing or screening for what is considered a normal range of development is needed. For example, when I took my children to their well baby check ups every three months I had to fill out a form that evaluated what their abilties were. This form helped me to understand were my children were developmentally and what milestones they should be developing. If there never had been any research or development on what to excpet at a certain age how would we know that most babies start to smile or begin to recognize familiar faces at a distance around two months?

With cost effectiveness and money saving seemingly being a keystone of health care in the United States, low cost preventative health care and screening programs are at the forefront of budgetary meetings in government agencies and boardrooms across the nation. According to a 2010 study of the cost effectiveness of preventive care, there is a possibility of savings of $3.7 Billion if current programs could increase use to around 90 %(Maciosek, et. al., 2010). While cost will always be a consideration, there obviously is the human element that must be addressed at the ground level. Inspiring people to use government or state funded programs is no easy task as the people who are not using them are the ones who need the programs the most(Dryden, et. al. 2012). Below is an exploration of some successful and unsuccessful programs, and some ideas on improving use of these programs by the people who need them the most.

Patient History: my patient is a 79 y/o female. She weighs 71.7 kg and is 165.1 cm tall. She has a history of colon carcinoma and hypertension. She has had a previous cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and removal of a uterine polyp. She has no history of bleeding disorders. She was a smoker, but quit 30 years ago. She smoked a half pack per day for 10 years; rare alcohol use. She is status post right-hemicolectomy. She is allergic to penicillin.

The patient is a licensed carpenter and is the sole provider for his household. He lives with his wife in a small apartment in an inner city. He admits that he does not get involved in physical activities due to unsafe neighborhood with high crime rate. He has no hobbies and prefer to read at home. He eats one large meal a day after work, misses breakfast majority of the times. He admits eating unhealthy meals for lunch, few serving of fruits and vegetables, and high- calorie food mostly pasta and meat at home. He does not engage in any street drugs or alcohol intake, however he admits smoking cigarette one pack per day for the past thirty years.

Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include the relevant data for your client. Submit this resource with your assignment to the instructor by the end of Module 3.

Thromboembolic events and associated ischemic stroke are major AF related complications. Those thromboembolic events could occur at least once in 35% and the risk of stroke increases fivefold in patients with AF. Moreover, recurrent stroke in patients who had a stroke or transient ischemic events are widely common, with the incidence reaching up to 12%(8). AF related morbidity and mortality can be prevented by optimal use of antithrombotic medications. A range of national and international guidelines are developed to maximize uniform and efficient utilization of anticoagulants for prevention of stroke while minimizing the risk of bleeding. For the past 50 years, vitamin K antagonists notably of warfarin therapy was considered to be the gold standard for

P is separated from his wife and has some anxiety associated with his separation. A psychiatrist evaluation will be needed. Home medication will be continued. Education will be given on anti-platelet therapy such as, use enteric-coated tablet to reduce GI disturbances, discontinue therapy with any onset of ringing or buzzing in ear, impaired hearing, monitor stool for GI bleeding, and about one week before any surgical procedure stop taking aspirin to reduce risk of bleeding. Monitor blood pressure and heart rate before taking metoprolol. Give nitroglycerine 0.4 mg sublingual as ordered for chest pain, if unrelieved after five minutes will repeat dose, and a third dose in five minutes if

(2015) highlight that regular blood laboratory monitoring is important during anticoagulant therapy. It includes measurements of coagulations, such as (INR) or blood clotting ability, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelets and hemoglobin counts. In addition, patients should be given education on avoiding injuries and cuts from handling sharp objects and encourage to use soft bristle toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding (D’Souza, 2015). Parks 2017 emphasises the bleeding risk assessment tool is vital for determining pa-tient’s risk for bleeding based from criteria. Furthermore, criteria include, men, more than 65 years of age and co-morbidity (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction). A study has illustrated that patients with acute myocardial infarction that are receiving anti-coagulant medication should be closely monitored for signs of bleeding by proper document-ing any adverse reactions with the medication regimen (Soltanian et al., 2016). Furthermore, Celikkayalara et al. (2016) emphasise that patient education regarding both the potential benefits and harms of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy is highly essential. Patient’s as-sessment, early recognition and reporting signs of bleeding such as skin bruising, gum bleed-ing are the primary roles of nurses to manage and minimize potential risks (Chaix et al., 2015; Ittaman, VanWormer & Rezkalla, 2014). The National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS, 2014) describes

The two diseases are analogous, as deposits of LDL cholesterol can cause narrowing of blood vessel walls and decrease blood flow in both types of arteries (Chambless et al., 1997). However, coronary artery disease affects the coronary arteries – arteries that branch off of the aorta and deliver blood to the heart (Chambless et al., 1997). Nevertheless, coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease share many common risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol (Chambless et al., 1997). Antiplatelet drugs are commonly prescribed for those suffering from coronary artery disease; thus, many patients who undergo a carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery disease, a procedure that removes material on the inside of an artery in order to correct narrowing, are on blood-thinning medications (Knight, 2003). Two of the most common antiplatelet drugs include acetylsalicylic acid, which is more commonly known as aspirin, and Clopidogrel (Knight, 2003). Both of these drugs can be effective in preventing blood clots in those with coronary artery disease, but they can induce serious complications for those with carotid artery

Bill Albert, is a 49-year-old man, presents to your office for a yearly checkup. He is 5 foot 10 inches tall, weighs 250 pounds, smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, and drinks 12 ounces of whiskey a day. He is a truck driver and is on the road a lot. He frequently eats at “fast-food joints”. He has no history of chest pain or heart disease. He takes no medications. His family history is significant for coronary artery disease in his father, who died at age 60. He believes his father’s cause of death was sudden cardiac death and recalls being told that his father had an enlarged heart.

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According to Soloman and Ohman (2016), a medication regimen should be in place to include aspirin, maintaining compliance with blood pressure and statin medications to maintain a blood pressure lower than 120/85 if possible and control lipids and cholesterol. Changes in lifestyle are another concern for an individual with stable angina including, lifestyle modifications like weight loss as needed for overweight or obese individuals and following a diet with reduced sugar intake, fat and also smoking cessation as indicated may help to improve symptoms of angina and decrease the risk of further progression of the coronary artery disease (Soloman &Ohman, 2016). The use of nitrates require education as well. PJ needs to be informed of the purpose of nitroglycerin, how often it may be taken safely, the possible side effects and medications contraindicated to being used with nitrates like erectile dysfunction medications that can cause hypotension (Soloman & Ohman, 2016). Finally, PJ would be informed of

The occurrence of a stroke has been noted to happen in multiple patients previously diagnosed with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and “It is now accepted that nonvalvular fibrillation is an important cause of stroke” (Landfeld, 1997). A drug that works similarly to Eliquis called Warfarin, has been used to prevent strokes in patients with this disease. Clinical trials showed “treatment with Warfarin sufficient to attain an international normalized ratio in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 reduced the annual rate of stroke by two-thirds-from 4.5% to 1.4% -without a substantial increase in the incidence of hemorrhage.9” (Landefeld,1997). The relationship between this cardiac disorder and the likelihood of a stroke caused by the manifestation of a blood clot, and the ability of Eliquis to reduce this factor, is the reason a doctor would start a patient on a regimen of this particular

(56 %) were smokers, 6 patients (24 %) were drug addicts, 14 patients (56 %) had positive family history of coronary artery disease table 1 & Figure 1.

Usually the national screening program begins with evaluating available national data so that a suitable sample representing the population which is intended to be tested should be identified. Once the sample has been identified, the targeted audience is then, invited to take part in the national screening program in which the purpose of this national testing is shared with them. The participants are usually encouraged to take simple tests by using test kits in the privacy of their own homes and then share the test kits with the specified health authorities.