Nt1310 Final Exam

The story of radiology started in 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen made the discovery in November of 1895. While working with his Cathode Ray generator Röntgen noticed the ability to view an image using electromagnetic radiation. To test his discovery Röntgen performed an X-Ray on his wife’s hand which revealed that the ray could pass through human tissue leaving the bones and metals to show. In December of 1895 Röntgen published his manuscript “On a New Kind of Ray” to the Wurzburg Physical Medical Institute. His discovery was quickly transmitted throughout the world and his experiment was easily repeated due to the fact that many places had the Cathode Ray readily available. As the results began to improve and become more accurate, so did the technology allowing the radiographs that were made on glass photographic plates be replaced by film; a contribution made my George Eastman in 1918.The first radiology department of the world opened up at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1896 and in the same year came the first diagnosis by Dr. Hall-Edwards. Growing knowledge made it

136). The germ theory can be defined as “microorganisms, which are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope, can invade the body and cause certain diseases” (Kusinitz).

Many scientists say that several people saw his great idea and followed him on the way to discovery, but others opposed it. One of the followers was Louis Pasteur who seems to get most of the credit for the start of the germ theory. Pasteur was a French microbiologists and a dedicated man

Well, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen has created the first invention that can do this and has called it the X-Ray. He has called it the X-Ray because he still hasn't identified the ray that makes this invention work. When he invented the X- Ray he was not trying to make something that can see into someone's body he had made the X-Ray by accident. The X-Ray looks past the tissues and shows bones and metal in a person's body.This is something that many people thought was unbelievable when Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen showed off his new invention. This technology is still in its early stages but has already been being used on the battlefield to help doctors find shrapnel and bullets in the wounded soldiers body. This will help doctors know where they half to surgery at. Looking forward this technology is something that will help save lives and have a major advance in medical technology. This technology is still far from being released to the public for public hospitals to use but this is a step forward. This is definitely something that will change medicine for the

I feel that these theories have led to significant changes in health care over the years. These theories have allowed scientist to discover not only how to cure some disease but also how to prevent diseases from spreading. Scientists were able to develop vaccines, antiseptics, create personal protective equipment and enabled the public

Throughout history until the 19th century, infectious diseases, epidemics, and pandemics were thought to be the manifestation of supernatural forces and little to nothing was truly effective in preventing or treating these devastating threats to society. It was only during the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment that the long-accepted realities of society were questioned and research was conducted based on science and reason that would forever change the world we live in (Kumar, 2007). The science of epidemiology was founded by John Snow’s identification of polluted public water well as the source of an 1854 cholera outbreak in London. Shortly thereafter germ theory began to emerge and science took off.

This can help them diagnose, monitor, and treat many medical conditions," (Healthline.com). This changed the world of medicine. Looking inside a human body using X-rays made diagnosing and monitoring medical problems easier and more efficient. They no longer have to make incisions, they can just use X-rays to see what going on inside of your body.

There are many advantages of x-rays in dental radiation. We can use the x-rays to detect and confirm any diseases or lesions that may be in the mouth. They detect any trauma that may have happened to the teeth and or gums. We use x-rays to look and study the growth and development of teeth and gums in children and adults. With the advancement of the x-ray we can also detect any tumors, teeth that are missing or are coming in at an abnormal direction as well as educating the patients about their mouth and teeth.

Every few years news outlets inundate their broadcasts with warnings of a particular outbreak in one region of the world or another. Medical experts issue travel warnings, prevention control officials advise the public on proper hand-washing techniques, and school officials warn parents to keep sick kids at home all in efforts to thwart the manifestation of germs. Although medical advances made it possible to eradicate diseases which previously plagued societies, there are still challenges which exist today. This paper will provide personal perspectives on how the germ theory changed our culture understanding how germs cause disease and the manner in which we interpret this information to reduce the spread of disease.

Roentgen’s X-Ray discovery offered doctors and medical practitioners with a new method for identifying defects in the body. Instead of cutting into an individual’s body to find cancerous tumors, Roentgen’s X-Rays enabled doctors with an effective way of viewing internal organs, tumors, and broken bones. Roentgen’s discovery helped society by preventing an individual from

This model, it was claimed, invalidated the humoral concepts of the holistic principles of Hippocrates. Galen and Ibn Sina promoted the ideology that man was separate from nature could be viewed objectively through experiment (Boussel et al., 1982). This heralded the birth of scientific or orthodox medicine. The frontiers of orthodox medicine were further broadened by Rudolph Virdow (1821-1902) who demonstrated that disease begins with changes in living cells and by Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) whose role in the development of the germ theory of infection was of key importance (Rees and Shuter, 1996; Gilbert et al., 1998, Bhikha and Haq, 2000). Under the germ theory, disease was associated with specific micro-organisms. Since, then technology through research and development (R and D) had played tremendous roles in the propagation of orthodox medicine which is scientifically based and evolve along certain specifications or routes. These routes led to the manifestations of plethora of specialists in disorders of specific organs, tissue and cells such as cardiologists, dermatologists and neurologists among

It is common knowledge that germs are everywhere. Often, most germs pose no risk to people and when they do, such infections can be treated with antibiotics. However, some bacteria can learn to resist these infection killing drugs and become “superbugs”. This evolutionary process is normally invisible, but now scientist can watch it happen. A microbiologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology, called Sam Brown, placed bacteria in a liquid growth medium. The germs grew, and then the scientists added an antibiotic. They then could tell which germs were immune, because they would greatly outnumber the other germs in the flask. Contrary to Brown’s method of experimentation, Michael Baym, a Harvard Medical School student stated that Brown’s method were not conducive to real world situations. Instead, Baym placed the germs in a MEGA plate which was then examined under a powerful microscope. Baym then repeated a similar process to Brown and could plainly see the bacteria mutate and spread throughout the sample. He wants to use this method to apply his conclusion to different situations and see how the bacteria

X-rays were able to painlessly diagnose diseases, locate fractures, tumors, and dislocated joints. However, when x-rays were first used in the medical field, the dangers of ionizing radiation was not common knowledge and safety precautions were not enforced. Since people thought that x-rays passed harmlessly through skin like light, no one was aware of the damage it inflicted. The demand for x-rays grew, so in 1981, just under 90 years after the discovery of the x-ray, about 6 percent of the physicians in the nation were radiologists and many were not fully educated on the devastating reaction it could have on human tissue. These physicians were not only endangering their patients, but also themselves (Wasserman

Over time, many practices contributed to the success and promotion of modern day medicine today. The three early theoretical treatments consisted of the Humoral theory, anatomical theory, and the germ theory. Today, each provided insight into knowledge of medicine. We will review each theory and compare how different each are from one another and their historical significance today to health and wellness.

The first response of the germ theory was unfavorably look upon, most people thought that diseases a bad seeds in the air known as miasma. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek made one of the earliest microscopes this lead to the discovery of micro-organisms which he called animalcules. Joseph Lister developed the microscope in 1830.