Nt1310 Unit 2 Pdf

A rating scale was completed by a Parker Elementary school teacher, Mrs. Smith for 8 year old Andrea. The Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) consisted of 50 questions with responses with zero representing rarely/hardly ever, one representing occasionally, two representing frequently, and three representing most of the time. The scale utilized is used by clinical professionals for diagnostic purposes of four different areas for behavior concerns these include: distractible, oppositional, impulsive-hyperactivity, and antisocial conduct. The rating scale was completed on 1/31/1992.

ADHD Research Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time. (1) Inattention, (2) hyperactivity, and (3) impulsivity (Kirst-Ashman, Zastrow 2004). Children who are inattentive have difficulty focusing on any one thing and may get bored with a task after only a few minutes. Children who are hyperactive show high levels of physical activity, almost always seeming to be in motion. Children who are impulsive have difficulty curbing their reactions and don’t do a good job of thinking before they act.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).

     Students who have exhibited the characteristics of Attention Deficit Disorder for longer than six months may be at risk for having an attention deficit disorder. However, a diagnosis of attention deficit should only be made after ruling out other factors related to medical, emotional or environmental variables which could cause serious symptoms. Therefore, physicians, psychologists, and educators often conduct a multi-disciplinary evaluation of the child including medical studies, psychological and educational testing, speech and language assessment, neurological evaluation, and behavioral rating scales completed by the child's parents and teachers.

There are two common type of disruptive behavior disorders that affects children lives in a negative fashion when not treated properly. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2004) “Behaviors typical of disruptive behavior disorders can closely resemble ADHD particularly where impulsivity and hyperactivity are involved but ADHD, ODD, and CD are considered separate conditions that can occur independently. About one third of all children with ADHD have coexisting ODD, and up to one quarter have coexisting CD” .The two types of disruptive behavior disorders are oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Some symptoms of disruptive behavior disorder is breaking rules, defiant, argumentative, disobedient behaviors towards authority

107-108). One to two percent of adult men and women in the United States have been

By June 28, 2018, Jayden King Jr. will decrease his level of defiance (refusing to obey and follows directive of someone of authority). Jayden will decrease the number of episodes during direct instruction to less than four times per month over a three-month period. The teacher will use a behavior chart to record the number of times the targeted behavior occurs a day. Based on the number of occurrences, the child’s behavior will be rated on a scale from 0-5. Zero indicates the least amount of occurrence and five indicating the maximum number of occurrences. The replacement behavior is targeted based on the data collected from several behavioral assessments. Jayden’s continuous defiant behavior, when given a directive by an adult, has disrupted the class and affected his school work immensely. Based on the strategies and interventions that will be used to conquer the undesirable behavior, Jayden 's inappropriate behavior will lessen and eventually fade away.

One of the many different types of developmental disabilities that a student can be diagnosed is ADHD. In Jun (2009, p.2003) “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a genuine neurobiological disorder that results in functional impairment of daily activities due to hyperactivity and inattention.” It is exceptionally important for concise communication between the teacher and

An evaluation of a child with ADHD includes multiple assessment techniques. The main goals of the assessment are:-

At follow up the disruptive behavior had increased up to 34.8%. It is understood, then, that the use of response cards (active response) is effective in decreasing disruptive behavior. The Armendariz and Umbreight (1999) intervention is lacking, however, in that it does not address the issues of long lasting behavior change or the generalizability of such a small sample. This intervention needs to be replicated, but with a larger sample size, for longer amounts of time, and with varying intensities of disruptive

Howell and Huessy (1985) reported on a study of 386 children who had, and had not, exhibited symptoms of attention deficit disorder (ADD)—previously known as hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction—during childhood. In 1965 teachers of all second-grade school children in a number of schools in northwestern Vermont were asked to complete a questionnaire for each of their students dealing with behaviors commonly associated with ADD. Questionnaires on these same children were again completed when the children were in the fourth and fifth grades and, for purposes of this data set only, those three scores were averaged to produce a score labeled ADDSC. The higher the score, the more ADD-like behaviors the child exhibited.

The primary tool used to diagnose ADHD is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5). Unlike the DSM 5, its predecessors including the DSM-II 1968, DSM-III 1980, DSM-III-TR 1987, DSM-IV 1994 and DSM-IV-TR 2000 did not include diagnostic criteria for adults. Considered a childhood disorder ADHD was often overlooked in the adult population (Mueller & Asherson, 2012). There have been several changes made to the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in the DSM-5 which now includes adults affected by the disorder. Changes include adding examples to the criteria to facilitate application across the lifespan; the age of onset has been changed from age 7 to age 12, this gives more reliable childhood recall of difficulties; subtypes have

The most commonly diagnosed mental condition in children is Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (LeFever, Villers, Morrow, & Vaughn, 2002). Unfortunately, children with ADHD are more likely than other children to experience negative outcomes in school. According to research by Loe and Feldman (2005), these children are more likely to receive bad test grades, twice as likely to repeat a grade, and 2 to 4 times more likely to receive low academic grades such as C, D, and F. In addition, experts have found that in the long run, children with ADHD have significantly worse educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes as adults.

“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting children and adults that is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity” (CHADD). “It is a neurobiological disorder that affect 3-7 percent of school age children and may be seen as before the age of 7. The current diagnostic label is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, however, in the past several other names have been used, such as brain-damaged, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinetic impulsive disorder, and attention deficit disorder (CHADD). ADHD is a controversial disorder. Some understand it to be a true disability, while others believe “good teaching and discipline at home resolve the problems” (Kauffman 2005).

HOW ARE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS METHODS OF ASSESSMENT 80–99 CLASSIFIED? 70–77 The Clinical Interview The DSM and Models of Abnormal Behavior Computerized Interviews Psychological Tests STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT 77–80 Neuropsychological Assessment Reliability Behavioral Assessment Validity Cognitive Assessment Physiological Measurement SOCIOCULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS IN ASSESSMENT 99–100 SUMMING UP 100–101