Nt1310 Unit 3

The first reason is that people trust confession is because of self-serving behavior and taking people at their face value (Kassin, 2005). The second reason is that detecting deception is a learned skill not a normal one that most people have. The third and final reason that people trust confession is that will being interrogated people can be coached what to say that aligns with the crime or they may overhear parts about the crime. Because of the amount of false confessions and the trust people put in believing them there needs to be some reform made in interrogation procedures. Three areas in particular need to be looked at and the first is the length of time for the interrogation. Many factors play a role in a person

In many cases innocent people are convicted while criminals are free on the streets committing more crimes. In the 1950’s John Reid created the well-known “Reid Technique”. The technique is a process of accusatory interviewing that leads to a development of the truth. The technique is based on science and psychology assumptions which point out anxiety and body language as an indicator of deceitful. Over decades the American Police Forces are relying on Reid technique to make people confess their crimes. The Reid technique is faulty because Police interrogators does long hours of interrogations, it is associates anxiety as an indicator of lying, and produced false confessions.

The start of America’s Second Revolution or Second Founding began when the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified, completing the Emancipation Proclamation, it abolished all slavery throughout the United States. Although, it did not resolve the legal status of former slaves under federal and state law. After the Civil War, “Black Codes” were created by many of the southern states designed to severely restrict the lives of newly freed slaves and keep them in virtual slavery. It soon began clear that the Thirteenth Amendment was not enough to protect the rights of former slaves. As a result, Congress drafted the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment nullified the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott, granted former slaves citizenship, and promised “equal protection of the law” by prohibiting states from making or enforcing any law that abridges the privileges or immunities of citizens or denies due process. The Fifteenth Amendment gave black

Police interrogate suspects on a daily basis, but how can they tell if the confession is real? We have all heard, at one time or another of someone confessing to a crime they didn’t commit. Then your next thought is “I would never confess to something I didn’t do”. The only way you can be a 100% sure of that is if you have been through an interrogation before. This paper is going to define “confession” and tell how an innocent person will confesses to a crime they didn’t commit. This paper will also show the history of interrogations.

[20points] A team of Developers work together with customers and users to define requirements and specify what the proposed system should do. If once it is built, the system works accordingly to requirements specifications but harms someone physically or financially, who is responsible and why?

In this article, Richard Leo examines false confession cases, investigating the wonder of false confessions, the effect of confessional proof, and the reasons for false confessions. Police interrogations can be intimidating to people who are in desperate situations. Some people are bullied into making false confessions and end up getting convicted, even though they are innocent. If the Court convicts someone using testimonies and confessions, the defendant didn’t get the right to a fair trial.

In the field of Psychology and Law, the undercover investigative technique of Mr. Big is very controversial. Psychologist Tim Moore, observes that, “In light of the invasiveness of the technique, it is coherent coercive nature and the strong inducements held out to elicit confessions, there is a real concern that the technique may cause innocent people to falsely confess, giving rise to a risk of wrongful convictions” (Moore et al., 2009, p.350). The article, Using The “Mr. Big” Technique to Elicit Confessions: Successful Innovation or Dangerous Development in the Canadian Legal System, assesses the Mr. Big operation and shows its concerns with the risk of false confessions for the innocent. This article shows that police officers use minimization

On the other hand, since this was a study conducted with a student sample there are some restrictions in generalizing its findings to the general public especially police investigators. However, according to a research by Kassin, Meissner & Norwick including both student participants and police investigators shows some very important findings on this matter. In the present study, 118 participants served as judges in confessions from 17 inmate volunteers. The true volunteers participated in two videotaped interviews. In the first one, they had to talk about the crime they did commit

Throughout the article, False Confessions, Causes, Consequences, and Implications for Reform, many studies are presented and talk about their findings in false confessions and the causes of it. Throughout the article Kassin explores the correlations between false confessions, police tactics, police targeting, juries and judge judgements on the validity of confessions. We see that the studies made all lead up to same conclusion; victims that are wrongly targeted in interrogations, victims who are wrongly convicted, and victims of interrogation tactics are all indicted or persecuted because of a person’s ability to tell lies from the truth. In most cases people who did have training or received training in these tactics did about the same, if not equally, as the people who did not receive training. More research is still needed in order for police tactics and courtrooms to review the validity of

The Reid Model of Interrogation has been criticised because it allows police officers to coerce false confessions from suspects. The coerced interrogation can lead to false confessions because the suspect wants to escape the stress inducing interrogation and they want to avoid the threatened punishment. The Reid Model also exploits suspects who are “psychologically vulnerable, intellectually disabled or have a history of substance abuse”. (Murie). Officers try to manipulate the suspect by falsely claiming to know the suspect is guilty, allege the crime is already solved and threaten harsh punishments. The Reid Technique therefore encourages dishonesty on the part of interrogators. The officers assume that the suspect is guilty until proven

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a theoretical background on the causes, implications and consequences of false confessions made by seemingly innocent individuals, providing an overall discussion of the relevant literature surrounding the topic area. The biggest cause of wrongful conviction is the false assumption that no innocent individual would confess to a crime they did not commit. The underpinning for research into false confessions, showing it is possible for an innocent person to be made to believe that they have indeed committed a crime was first documented by Kassin and Wrightsman in 1985. Redlich (2009) further concluded that ‘false confessions are not an uncommon phenomenon in the criminal justice system but are unfortunately common’ (Redlich, 2009: 89).

Minimization also includes underrating the consequences of the confession, so when it is coupled with isolation and confrontation, the three features set the stage for the suspect to believe that confessing is a viable means to escape the aversive situation. Indeed, in a study designed to assess the impact of minimization on confessions, Russano, Meissner, Narchet, and Kassin (2005) found that using minimization tactics almost doubled the rate of true confessions (42% to 81%), but it also tripled the rate of false confessions (6% to 18%) relative to no specific tactic. Similarly, offers of leniency increase both true (46% to 72%) and false (6% to 14%) confessions relative to no tactic. However, when the tactics were combined, this had little

This scenario often evolves into a strengthening of the subject’s tendencies toward compliance. This compliance, however, must be carefully evaluated as the interrogation continues. A comprehensive publication distributed by the American Psychological Association on the subject of false confessions found that isolation in and of itself does not normally produce a false confession, but coupling the tactic with other, more aggressive tactics (such as presenting the detainee with false evidence) can significantly increase the likelihood of false confession (Meissner, Russano and

This paper is to examine and identify the risk factors and reasons of false confessions and how social reform can mitigate innocent individuals from being wrongfully convicted and incarcerated. There are many reasons we will see that contribute to false confessions. Many people think there is no way they would ever confess to something they did not do, especially if it is a serious crime. When in fact this occurs all the time and has been happening for hundreds of years.

Would you confess to a crime you did not commit? Many studies prove that thirty-five percent of us would if given the right environment and the wrong evidence. When you think of false confessions in the criminal justice system you may believe that nothing like that could ever happen. There are some that may believe that if someone or a group of people are innocent then they would never confess to a crime they never committed and that the investigators would never coerce an innocent person to confess. When I first thought about false confessions, those were the things that I had initially thought as well. How could a person break down in an interrogation and confess that they had raped or murdered their loved one? How could an investigator sway you into thinking that there is no way that you didn’t commit the crime? There are so many things that we don’t fully understand about the interrogation process of witnesses, let alone, the techniques detectives use when they’re talking to these witnesses they believe may be guilty. This paper will explore what false confessions are, how they are made, studies, real world cases, and what we can do to better the interrogation technique.