Nt1330 Lab 3.1

Biometrics is defined as “the measurement and statistical analysis of people 's physical and behavioral characteristics” (“Biometrics”, n.d.). Examples of physical characteristics include: fingerprints, palm prints, facial features/patterns, DNA, thermal patterns, etc. Examples of behavioral characteristics include: voice recognition, typing habits, handwriting samples, signatures, etc. (“Biometrics Law”, n.d.). Two sole purposes of biometric systems are “identification and authentication” (Coleman, 2000) which can be used for a variety of reasons.

In quadrants 1 and 2 how the amount and constituents of the fingerprint residue on the substrate affects the fingerprint image, is determined. In quadrant 1, excess sebum and moisture is first removed from the finger tips with the help of a clean cloth. In quadrant 2, fingertip is first wiped around the nose or forehead to create excess sebum. Quadrant 3 and 4 were used to compare the details between untreated and dusted fingerprint residues.

Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model in 2003 list downs six levels of interoperability clearly. Beginning with Level0 is also known as standalone system there is no interoperability at all. Next to that there exist level 1 interoperability characterized by provision for exchange of bytes and bits of data. The main feature of level 2 syntactic interoperability is that it allows a common data format but the meaning of data can’t be retrieved. Level 3 is so called semantic interoperability allows the mutual sharing and availability of data for interpretation. Level 4 described as pragmatic interoperability know the exact meaning of exchanged information. Level5 or dynamic interoperability can make changes in data as time passes. Level 6 conceptual interoperability is higher level where system well versed with the information of

Lee, H. (2001). Advances in Fingerprint Technology, Second Edition, 2nd Edition. Retrieved January 26, 2015, from Vital Source: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781420041347

In July of 1999 the fingerprint was introduced into the IAFIS. The FBI had so many fingerprints on file that in order to convict someone it would take years for them to be able to match a fingerprint. This database created a way for it to be completed faster and more efficient. The data is taken first with directly indefinable characteristics (name, social security, address, telephone number, email, biometric identifiers, photography) and then entered in the with non-indefinable characteristics (gender, race, birthdate, license number) to create personal file. The database is maintained by the FBI to keep all of the fingerprints in line. But, many agencies (federal, state, local and foreign) can use the database on order to make sure a suspect isn't linked with any other crimes and to identify the

The strain is integrated with time from the time of impact to the time of failure as it keeps on changing during the impact of the bullet and is not constant.

This report started with a motivational empirical study of the usability, security, and privacy of enhanced fingerprint authentication as compared to password-based authentication. This study revealed that the password-based authentication lacks usability and security, while the privacy-enhanced fingerprint authentication is more usable than password-based authentication. However fingerprint data on the cloud poses a greater likelihood for attacks. A risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of controls available to mitigate the risks. Based on a threshold set for the residual risk, a roadmap was established to close the gap on the lack of controls.

11. Steps 2-10 were repeated until ten fingerprints were obtained from the window. 12. Steps 2-10 were repeated inside until ten fingerprints were obtained from the curved surface of a large beaker.

The operating supply voltage range from 2.7 V to 5.5 V and the bandwidth is 900 MHz. The specified input voltage noise is 0.69 nV/√Hz and the input current noise is 2.6 pA/√Hz. Moreover, the amplifier has low distortion values (HD2/HD3 = -90 dBc) and ultra-low offset errors of 800 µV over the maximum operational temperature. Noise calculations for one of the parallel stages in the non-inverting configuration for the prototyped LNA is explained and the block diagram of such an amplifier with source, resistors, and the noise model is shown in figure 2, where en denote the voltage noise, in- denote the current noise at the inverting input and er denote the thermal

along the edge. To predict a sharp edge, the function travels along an edge normal and

When a live finger is placed on the scanner at the time of authentication, the decryption process needs to be initialized. With a slit of micorseconds the fingerprint image is analyzed . The RSA key generation algorithm is performed on the fingerprint image captured and the current private key generated is crossed checked with the encrypted fingerprint images existing(Fingerprint template) if their private key matches. If the current private key generate matches witht the private key of any of the fingerprint templates, that template is decrypted by the RSA decryption algorithm witht the help of the private key. After which the M3gle fingerprint matching algorithm is used to perform further authentication of the user [8]. Below is the RSA algorithm code used for the decryption:

The final main biometric technology used is fingerprint recognition. This is definitely the most widely used biometric technology. This type of biometric has been used for many, many years. Because of this, fingerprint recognition has been known as the most primary and accurate identification method used to identify a person. The modern fingerprint recognition is all done electronically. There are two main ways of analyzing fingerprints electronically. The first plots points on the ridges of a person’s fingers that enable the computer to compare to different fingerprints. The second method uses patterns of a fingerprint

The automated Fingerprint Identification System is also known as the AFIS within the law enforcement division (FBI, 2010). This system is an important element in the criminal justice system as some of its features encompass the storing of data, encoding, and fingerprint and facial comparison through graphics and other techniques. Law officials many centuries ago in the pursuit of positively identifying someone suspected of guilt have long used fingerprints techniques. Fingerprinting is also used in branches of our government, and in the Pentagon, the authentication method of fingerprints is used permit access to specified zones inside the building. Fingerprints are an effective and very precise method of identification purposes that does not pose

In this way the biometric data of the user through sensors pick up and then passed to the feature extractor to generate a template.

Biometrics is used in many places and there is a bright future for them. Coca Cola has recently replaced time card system with hand scanning machines. Finger print scanners are being used in many states of the US. They have been used to trace social welfare fraud. An iris pattern identification system is being used in Cook County, Illinois to ensure that right people are released from jail. ATM machines have been installed with finger scanners to prevent theft and fraud in Indiana (Jain, 2005).