Nt1330 Unit 1 Essay

TCP/IP is a protocol which transfers data across a network. It allows two different computers to communicate well even if they use different codes. Putting both computers into a new common code language which both computers

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

Sockets allow unrelated processes on the same or different systems to exchange information. One type of socket, the UNIX domain socket, is a special file. Symbolic links are another type of special file.

Handshake: - This sub protocol is used to negotiate session information between the client and server. The session information consists of a session ID, peer certificates, the cipher spec to be used, the compression algorithm to be used, and a shared secret that is used to generate keys.

} close(server_socketfdis); exit(0); } else if (strcmp(kb_msg, "connect\n")==0) { sprintf(msg, "GETLIST"); write(socket_fd, msg, strlen(msg)) ; result = read(socket_fd, msg, MSG_SIZE); msg[result] = '\0'; string y(msg); if( (y[0]-'0') ! = 1) { getclientlist(y); } int Online

as a device in its domain and sends the packet to the host or pushes the packet to the next

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is a set of specifications that allow computers around the world to openly communicate. It is pivotal to understanding and developing computer to computer communications in a network. Each layer plays a role in the process of sending and receiving data. The application layer is the top layer (layer seven) it promotes communication between programs and lower-layer network services. The services at this layer allow the network to decipher a program's request and the program to decipher data sent from the network. The Application layer protocols, programs handles formatting, procedure, security, synchronization, and any other requirements with the network. The Presentation Layer (layer 6) acts as a translator. For instance these protocols decode the jpg/jpeg files sent within the Web server’s HTTP response. So, in the last step (the Application layer) we enter the Web address and it took us to the Web site. This step allows us to see the images and content of the site. The Session Layer (layer 5) regulates and controls the communication between two nodes on the network. It is an ongoing exchange of data between the two and keeps the connection between them for the duration. It keeps the communication secure, detects whether or not the communication has been cut off and if it has it determines where to restart the

Module 1 establishes the framework of networking standards and protocols for the rest of the class. The module introduces data communications and defines their components and the types of data exchanged. You will learn how different types of data are represented and how data is flowed through the network.

13. Yes, the server also sends a Change Cipher Spec record and encrypted handshake to the client. This handshake record is different from those sent by the client in that it contains the concatenation of all the handshake messages from the server, instead of from the client.

1. The client and/or server can crash, and if the server isn’t stateless, there’s likely to be a significant loss of information (Dordal, 2016).

Server: This is a computer that is designed to carry out specific functions at the request of other computers they’re connected to a network and direct the information stored on the network to clients, for example a web server will run software that receives requests from clients and then processes the request and delivers an output using HTML.

other peers. In case of Client –Server network, if server goes down, then the whole

Network protocol communications, network connections established by host computer, network routing information, information about computers

There are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of the features that UDP possesses that are not provided by TCP/IP. First, UDP is a connectionless protocol (No handshake), which means packets sent from one node to another without making sure whether any packet may be lost during the transfer. TCP, on the other hand, makes sure to establish a connection in order to send the packets from one node to another without losing any packets. It is also known as handshake process, where nodes synchronize (SYN),

To connect to a remote server/host, we simply create a new WebSocket object instance and provide the new object with a URL that represents the endpoint to which we wish to connect. A WebSocket connection is established by upgrading from the HTTP protocol to the WebSocket Protocol during the initial handshake between the client and the server, over the same underlying TCP connection. An Upgrade header is included in this request that informs the server that the client wishes to establish a WebSocket connection. Once established, WebSocket messages can be sent back and forth between the methods defined by the WebSocket interface.