Nt1330 Unit 1 Lab Report

P is the reflectance proportion of EMR, M is the outgoing reflectance and E is the incoming reflectance. So in order to find the reflectance we are dividing the outgoing (M) reflectance to the incoming reflectance (E).

The Queen's source files were also modified to output the hour-of-year number and the building's current temperatures and heat fluxes to text files. This modification plays a role in the transfer of information on the building's current thermal state from the Queen to the Pawn. The Pawn compilation uses these values for its simulations, which is discussed later in this section.

In that case, there must be no systematic effect due the monochromatic $\gamma$ selection criterion.

Figure ‎3 13 : A photo and SEM micrographs of flank face; (a) a photo of flank face and tool wear region (b) SEM micrograph of flank face; a micro fracture is shown (c) highly magnified flank face shows some holes and scratches probably caused by TiC particles and a smooth adhered layer which has covered the scratches and grooves. It can be seen that the sharp cutting edge of an unused tool has been chamfered after 1 second of machining and has left a sheared surface at the wear land.

In the following, we present three different algorithms to reduce the total power consumption. Each of these algorithms establishes a different method to process the variable precision data held in the operands buffer. In the following, the specified throughput Tp for the proposed 32 × 32 bit multiplier is 64 F (Mbits/s), where F is the multiplier’s operating frequency

The main mechanical structure is modified version of the structure that is described in the [1,3]. The device consists of a proof mass which is attached to two similar double-ended tuning fork resonators via a force amplifier like a mechanical lever with a special configuration. This schematic of this structure is depicted in Fig. 1. Each of the DETF resonators is actuated to their resonance electrostatically and they will be sustained in their resonance by a feedback loop[17]. When an external acceleration is applied to the structure in proper direction, the proof mass will deflect and as a result of this movement an axial force will transfer to the DETF resonators. This axial force will result a change in the stiffness of the resonators so there will be a shift in the resonance frequencies of these DETF resonators[3]. These shift in resonance

Petrographic thin sections were prepared and optically analyzed using Leitz polarizing microscope. Optical microscopy was very useful for identifying the mineral composition, different litho types and the exact stratigraphy of the samples. It provided information on the decayed layers and their size, color and texture. Additionally, the characteristics of minerals, cement materials and textural and digenetic features of the samples were further examined.

Digital systems occupy a great place in our daily life and the evolution of these systems concentrated on the speed of the transmission and the reception of the data. In this paper, we present a comparative study between pipelines coordinate rotation digital computer consisting of one stage and other height stages with the generator of the sinusoid for generating two complex digital modulators of amplitude and

“Employing threshold inverter quantization (TIQ) technique in designing 9-bit folding and interpolation CMOS analog-to-digital converters (ADC)” Oktay Aytar and Ali Tangel [42] ; This paper present designing and interpolation of a 9-bit folding and interpolation ADC using 0.35 µm CMOS C35B4 model under AMS-HIT kit library. The complete system consist of two main blocks, one of them is 4-bit flash ADC using TIQ technique and second one is the 5-bit

characterized by the use of digital signals to represent these signals as discrete time, discrete

Table 1 lists a typical set of attributes for a symbol. The provision of both size and boundary on the one hand and bit size and bitbdry on the other allows for both unpacked and packed data representations.

In this step, the algorithm uses a look-up table (LUT) or a substitution table/s-box to perform a byte-by-byte transformation on the state array. The byte s[i, j] becomes s’[i, j] after the substitution is done using the substitution table. The inverse SubBytes uses the Inverse S-box to perform the transformation.

Various representation systems were introduced to represent signed integer numbers, including signed magnitude, biased, and complement systems .Both the signed and unsigned integer representations can be extended to encode fractional data by employing an implicit or explicit radix point that denotes the scaling factor. These integer-based real number representations are generally called fixed-point systems, where the term

Using their truth tables, it is easy to show that the input-output relations of the basic digital logic function can be expressed as (Enab and Zaki, 1993):

One promising solution to the above challenges is Delta-Sigma technology. A Delta-Sigma Modulator (DSM) converts an analog input signal to a 1-bit Delta-Sigma modulated digital bit-stream, as shown in Fig. 2 (a). Compared with conventional multi-bit binary systems, the Delta-Sigma system has several advantages: (1) a Delta-Sigma bit-stream can