Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment

to the TCP/IP layer. These encapsulated packets are then sent over the internet on a P2P connection.

Which of the following is the term for identifying packets used by TCP to establish a connection?

The computer queries or contacts one of the machines that the ISP of the user has given to the computer, called Recursive Resolvers. It either should have the IP addresses cached, or is able to go out and recursively find it.

IP uses the Address Resolution Protocol, ARP, to bind a next-hop IP address to an equivalent MAC address. ARP defines the format of messages that computers exchange to resolve an address, the encapsulation, and the rules for handling ARP messages. The NAT mechanism allows a site to have multiple computers using the Internet through a single IP address. The User Datagram Protocol provides end-to-end message transport from an application running on one computer to an application running on another computer (Comer, 2009).

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is only protocol widely used for the communication purpose in the computer networks and it works in the Internet layer of the OSI reference model. The IPv4 address is 32 bits long. The 32 bit is divided into four groups. Each group has the eight bits which forms as an octet. Each IP address has two parts called the network id and the host id. This IP address is used as a unique identification address for the hosts in the networks. Network ID also known as network address used to identify the network from the large internetwork. All the computers in the same network will have the same network ID. Host ID is also known as host address used to identify the host in the same network. There are five classes of IPv4 address. They are Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E. Class A, Class B and Class C are most commonly used, Class D is multicast and Class E is for the research and the development purpose. These classes of IP addresses are used in different location based on the network infrastructure.

Segments are encapsulated into packets when forwarded to Network Layer (Internet Layer on TCP/IP Model), the Network layer implements logical addressing to the packets. In the scenario of requesting for

The human race is completely reliant on technological innovations. A global village is what the world feels like nowadays. The Internet has revolutionized the aspect of globalization. The number of people signing up daily for the purposes of Internet is increasing day-by-day. The IT experts have noted this increase and hence, the Internet service is metamorphosing at a rate that nobody had anticipated earlier.

Packet filtering is the basic purpose of the firewalls in the network. The key theme of the packet Filtering is that firewall shacks either in the host or in router and monitors the traffic and flow of the data. The monitoring of traffic in the network is performed with respect to the policies of the network security (Vadim Zaliva,2008).

Firewalls: A firewall is a security network that can be either hardware or software or a combination of both. A firewall protects your personal information and computer by acting as a barrier so that viruses or unauthorized internet users from accessing your information. In relation to the website performance, a firewall is used to protect the website and your computer from users that are not authorised to access it and to stop hacker from manipulating the website's code. It also will prevent your website from being infected with viruses or bugs which will make the website take longer to load.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the primary network communication, language since the mid-1990s which is passed down as a communications protocol in a private network. The TCP/IP is a two-layered protocol. The Transmission Control Protocol is the higher layer which administers the collection of messages or files into smaller packets. These packets are transmitted over the Internet. The packets are then amassed and reassembled into the primary message after being received by the TCP layer. The Internet Protocol being the lower layer monitors the address part of each packet, and further gets to the right destination. The TCP/IP establishes an intermediary between two hosts so that they can send messages back and forth for a period.

The internet, in its simplest form, is nothing more than two or more computers with the ability to connect to each other. Each computer or machine must, therefore, have its own unique IP (Internet Protocol) address. IP addresses are constructed in the form of nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn is a number between 0 – 255 (Shuler, 2002).

It focuses at one packet at once and after that it applies some set of guidelines to every packet and afterwards it chooses to either forward the packet or dispose the packet. The standards depend on various fields in the IP and TCP/UDP headers i.e. Source and destination address, IP protocol field, TCP/UDP port number.

Internet Protocol is the layer-3 protocol which takes the data Segments from the transport layer that is layer-4 and divides that data into the packets. The IP packet encapsulates data unit received from above layer and concatenates its header information. The encapsulated data is referred to as IP Payload. The IP header contains all the necessary information required to deliver the packet at the destination. The IP header format is shown in figure (a)

The ‘host’ substring identifies a computer or network device. Hosts come from standard databases like DNS and can be names or IP addresses. For example, compnetworking.about.com is the host here.

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.[18]