Nuclear Physics Research Project : John Dalton Essay

John Dalton wrote the modern atomic theory, a fundamental component of that is, the mole ratios of elements in a compound will be small whole numbers.

The atomic theory is very well known across the science community. It took many scientist to get it to what it is today. Aristotle and Democritus are played major parts in forming the atomic theory. They came up with a bunch of theories and made big contributions to the start of the atomic theory.

John Dalton was a British chemist born in 1766 in England to a Quaker family. His family was poor and he was homeschooled until at age 15. He and his brother ran a school. He had the biggest effect on the atom. He was the first to bring back the idea of an atom and prove it. One reason Dalton’s discovery is important is without it

Around 2,500 years ago, Democritus and his partner Leucippus were the first ones to develop the atomic theory in written history. Their theory proposed that every kind of matter was made up of tiny particles, which were named atomos, which means that it is indivisible. This meant that Democritus and Leucippus thought there were little particles of everything, but, the next breakthrough in atomic theory wasn’t made until the early 1800s with a french chemist by the name of Antoine Lavoisier, he was the one who came up with the idea of the law of the conservation of mass, which states that matter stays the same even when it changes shape or form. Then, James Dalton said that all matter was made up of atoms, which were indivisible, and unbreakable.

The second main contributor toward the atomic structure was John Dalton. John Dalton was the one who brought the atomic theory talk back into play after 2000 years from Democritus. Dalton become fond of the atomic structure following his love from meteorology. He claimed that the forces of repulsion that caused pressure only were between the same atoms and the atoms inside a mixture had different weights and complexity. He then decided to calculate the atomic weights by determining the percentages of each composition in a compound. This allowed him to be able to

Thomson discovered the electron. He used a cathode ray tube (an electron gun) with a magnet and discovered that the green beam it emitted was made up of negatively charged particles. Thomson then determined that these negatively charged electrons needed something positive to balance them out. (Born, 2014)

Around 1803 John Dalton, an English chemist developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. Amedeo Avogadro, the Italian chemist in 1811 published an article drawing the distinction between the atom and the molecule, which now is known as “Avogadro’s

Over the course of the last 5000 years, mankind’s knowledge has been constantly advancing. Chemistry, a branch of science, has experienced a tremendous leap and expansions since ancient Greek civilization. One of the major breakthroughs in the advancement in Chemistry was the creation of the Atomic theory, which laid a foundation for the modern-day Chemistry and future of science. The Atomic theory introduced the idea of atoms, which are defined as the discrete units of matter. There are five key scientists that significantly contributed to the Atomic model over a span of thousands of years. They are: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr.

Dalton had his own concept about the understanding of atoms, since he couldn’t develop or enhance Democritus' theory. This was that all atoms of different elements can be “distinguished” from each other by the differences in the atoms weights. He shared his theory with other scientists and researchers during his lecture at the Royal Institution in 1803. His theory was based around the following key points: 1) Matter is made up of atoms; atoms are inseparable and can’t be destroyed. 2) Atoms of a certain element have the same mass and chemical properties.

He said that elements consisted of identical atoms that had the same mass and that compounds were atoms from different elements combined together. (The Doc.2014)

The environmental impacts of nuclear energy are disputed by Diesensorf (2005) and Was (2015). Diesendorf believes that pollutions of nuclear energy are serious while Was (2015) describe it as clean though there are environmental risks. Lenzen, 2008 (cited in Diesensorf, 2005) states that greenhouse gas emission of nuclear energy which based on high degree of uranium mining is 60g/kWh, which is much higher than wind power (10-29g/kWh). He further explains that the decrease of ore grades would increase the use of diesel, which would skyrocket the demand for mining process. Consequently, carbon emission of nuclear energy rises to 131r/kWh in low-grade uranium. Diesendorf (2015) describe this phenomenon is unacceptable. Was (2015), in contrast,

Energy comes in many different forms such as light energy, electrical, and mechanical. Utilizing these types of energy are essential to human development. The source of energy that would be best for NYC would be a nuclear-based energy source. Nuclear based energy source last longer, produce more energy per fuel pellet, and release fewer pollutants into the air than fossil-based sources.

Page 551 states, “The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei is nuclear fission.” Not only that, but according to page 551, nuclear fissions occur whenever the nuclei is so distorted that whenever the neutron strikes it, the nucleus divides up into two smaller nuclei, which is the process of nuclear fission. Based on the website duke-energy.com, nuclear fission produces “steam, which is used by a turbine generator to generate electricity.” According to turbinegenerator.org, turbine generators can use various things to produce electricity, and one of the things they use is the steam that was created by nuclear fissions. Nuclear fissions occur only in large nuclei, some examples of large nuclei can be the nuclei of uranium

John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist, that was born on the 6th of September 1766. His study of gases led Dalton to wonder about what these invisible substances

usually would only happen in a time of crises, this is why shields are so highly