Nuclear Weapons Research Paper

The dropping of the atomic bomb was the first of many nuclear projects. The first project was called the Manhattan project. Three bombs were created, one was a test, and the two others were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, cities in Japan. These bombs created mass destruction for the two cities; buildings were obliterated, fires erupted, and radiation spread for miles. After foreign countries saw what the United States was capable of, countries all around the world started to develop their own nuclear weapons, creating a surplus of weapons of mass destruction. “Today, eight countries in the world have nuclear arsenals (weapon supplies). The United States and Russia (formerly part of the Soviet Union) have most of the world’s nuclear weapons. Other countries with nuclear arms include China, France, India, Israel, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom” (Kroenig). Following World War Two, the Soviet Union and the United States were leaders of nuclear weapons. This period was called the Cold War. Forty-five years of potential nuclear destruction loomed over the Soviets and Americans. It wasn’t until after the Cold War that diplomats created the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, or NPT for short, recognizes the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom as nuclear weapon states. Nearly every country in the world is a member of the treaty, even if they do not possess nuclear weapons, by law they state that they are a nonnuclear

The components of DHS are Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Border Patrol, Transportation Security Administration, and the U.S. Customs Service and the last federal agency the Secret Service (Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. 2015). These components will help secure the protection of the people of the United States from terrorist attacks and any other disasters such as the preparation for a nuclear attack that possible deals with chemical, radiologist, and biologist or any other man-made material. The Department of Homeland goal is to also focus more on how to help the people to prepare for emergency preparedness and how to properly response if any act occurs and to also know how to properly recover

Since the invention of nuclear weapons, they have presented the world with a significant danger, one that was shown in reality during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, nuclear weapons have not only served in combat, but they have also played a role in keeping the world peaceful by the concept of deterrence. The usage of nuclear weapons would lead to mutual destruction and during the Cold War, nuclear weapons were necessary to maintain international security, as a means of deterrence. However, by the end of the Cold War, reliance on nuclear weapons for maintaining peace became increasingly difficult and less effective (Shultz, et. al, 2007). The development of technology has also provided increasing opportunities for states

The top “contributors” of nuclear proliferation include countries like the United States and Russia (formerly Soviet Union). These two countries were the first to obtain and test nuclear weapons. They are responsible for more than 93% of all operational nuclear warheads. United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea all created nuclear arsenals to attain these weapons of mass destruction. The United States currently possesses approximately 7,650 warheads, Russia has

The Department of Homeland Security plays in a very important part in terrorism. DHS protect the United States from foreign and domestic threats to the United States. One of the missions is to find and destroy any weapon of mass destruction. Cyberspace is a threat to the United States in the technology field. DHS have to stop threats, hazards and disasters in its tracks at large public gatherings.

President George W. Bush, appointed Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge as the first Director of the Office of Homeland Security in the White House. The office duties are to oversee and coordinate a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard the country against terrorism and respond to any future attacks. On November 2002, Congress passed the Homeland Security Act and the Department of Homeland Security became a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department. The department’s vision is to coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts. The creation of the department forms the most substantial reorganization of the federal government agencies since the National Security Acts of 1947. Ultimately this placed military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council (NSC) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The Department of Homeland Security incorporates 22 government agencies that holds 179,000 people into one organization. The organization consists of five directorates: Border and Transportation Security, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Science and Technology, Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection and Management. In regard to border and transportation security , DHS manages who and what enters into the United States to prevent the entry of terrorists and the instruments of terrorism. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an agency of DHS is responsible for Emergency Preparedness and

“Homeland defense represents the protection of our territory, population, and critical infrastructure by deterring and defending against foreign and domestic threats, supporting civil authorities for crisis and consequence management, and helping to ensure the continuance of critical national assets (Department of the Army 1999, 1).” (Noftsinger, 2007)

It attempts to achieve this goal by evolving and integrating nuclear and radiological detections systems across all levels of federal, state, and local government to prevent the importation or development of nuclear devices. This directive also aims to create a coordinated plan across federal, state, and local governments that will ensure a proper response at all levels should such an attack occur. HSPD-14 also created a Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The DNDO was designed to bring together personnel from DHS, Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Energy (DOE), Department of State (DOS), Department of Justice (DOJ), and any other agencies as necessary under the direction of the

The Homeland Security Department comprises of numerous organizations and different divisions. It gives the best security at significant occasions, structures, offices and above all, to the president of the United States. The Directorate for National Protection and Programs work to lessen the danger to offices and administrations, for example, air terminals, streets, scaffolds, utilities, and PC framework (Mockaitis).

Australia has neither produced nor purchased nuclear weaponry at any point. As the world's 3rd largest Uranium producer, Australia has taken great strides to ensure the sales of their product is used only in nuclear power plants and never for weaponry. The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) works with many Southeast Asian countries through the Regional Security of Radioactive Sources project to help manage security risks caused by radioactive sources. Japan has also collaborated with the ANSTO to create the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament which aims to improve worldwide efforts pertaining to nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament. Australia hopes that the General Assembly Plenary will consider the negative effect nuclear weapons have on the environment and condone their use. To address this problem the International Atomic Agency (IAEA) must be strengthened. As

Weapons of mass destruction, or WMDs, are, according to the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission (WMDC), “the most inhumane of all weapons and are rightly called weapons of mass destruction and weapons of terror” (WMDC 2006 p 229). Primary regulatory efforts geared toward controlling the attainment, maintenance, and use of weapons of mass destruction is extremely important and is regulated by international law. Treaties and agreements are initiated and enforced through entities like the United Nations and other governmental and non-governmental agencies as attempts to keep WMDs out of the hands of certain groups and individuals while enforcing responsible measures of those who currently possess them.

The Department of Homeland Security is to protect the nation from any type of threats. Through the Department of Homeland Security are areas such as, aviation, border security, emergency response cybersecurity analyst and chemical facility inspector (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, n.d.). Department of Homeland Security went through a complete overhaul, as a result of the September 11 terrorist attack. “…the Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 established the Cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and created the position of Homeland Security”

The North Korean government continues to financially fund the research and testing of nuclear and ballistic missiles. Little information is known about the North Korean nuclear program and has been made available to foreign nations due to the secrecy and isolation of international affairs. The threat of a nuclear strike from North Korea has become an increasingly serious matter for many nations including the U.S. and its Asian allies, Japan and South Korea. Currently, there are only nine nations known by intelligent analysis that possesses the resources to manufacture nuclear weapons which do include the U.S. However, North Korea is the only nation in the 21st century to conduct a nuclear missile test that has been reported by North Korean

A nuclear weapon can be defined as a highly explosive device that uses nuclear reactions to create a massive destructive force that can lead to destruction of property and human life. Currently there are two types of nuclear weapons massively used across the globe which include fission and fusion weapons. Fusion weapons are characterized by their ability to produce large energy proportions using the nuclear fusion reactions and such weapons are known as hydrogen bombs. Currently only six countries across the globe hold the ability to use such thermonuclear weapons including United States, Russia, United Kingdom, China, France and India. Hydrogen bombs are more efficient to use but considered more difficult to design and execute (Michael, 1990). On the other hand fission weapons derive their energy from the nucleus of an atom and are mostly referred to as atomic bombs.

The presence of nuclear weapons in the NWS NATO members was done during the Cold War Era with an intention of creating a political effect. The main objective