Nunca Mas Never Again Summary

While the students were protesting the police were ordered to fire and almost half of the students who protested were killed. Because of the incident, the South African government started dismantling Apartheid in 1986. In 1994, the country worked to gradually introduce fairness and equity also they held the first elections in which all South Africans could vote, and Nelson Mandela was elected president. In 1995, Nelson Mandela establishes the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to help South Africans solved their country’s horrible past and also has managed to move forward.

Few historical figures from the period of colonial Mexico tower as high as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Sor Juana was a criolla woman who lived from 1651 to 1695. She was born as an illegitimate child but was eventually taken in by the Mexican viceroy’s family. A voracious reader as a child, Sor Juana tirelessly pursued an educating herself. As a young woman, she chose to enter into the cloister so that she could avoid marriage and thus devote herself to her scholarship. She became a prominent writer and her works were widely read in both New Spain and Spain. However, in 1990 she published one of her most famous works: “Reply to Sor Philothea”. This critique of a sermon written by a prominent member of the Church proclaimed the ability of women to participate in intellectual pursuits. Facing intensifying pressure from the Church, Sor Juana publically renounced her work before her death in 1965. Sor Juana’s story was shaped by the societal rules governing gender, race, and class during Mexico’s colonial period and, despite the effort of many to consign her voice to oblivion, she holds tremendous influence upon modern Mexican culture and feminist thought.

Between 1973 and 1984, almost 30,000 Argentines were murdered or ‘disappeared.’ The result of a military coup d’état during which security forces and death squads acting in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance, or ‘Triple A;’ hunted

The Canadian government never transitioned from an authoritarian government, and instead maintained itself as a democracy from before the Residential Schools began till modern day society. With this knowledge, it is clear why there was no attempt to find the facts about the state’s transgression and how they played a part in the internationally recognized conflict – because it did not only implicate the old government but the current one as well. Truth and Reconciliation Commissions assume that conflict arose from an authoritarian government and that a democratic one would not cause nationwide tragedies like that of the Canadian Residential Schools. As a whole, the general ideas of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions are inaccurate when dealing with a western power such as Canada, they hold a favorable democratic bias thus not taking into consideration that there was no shift in the style of

In summary, on 12/25/15 at 1557 hours Ofc. De La Fuentes #221 and I were dispatched to 1224 S. 49th Ave. in regards to a Domestic.

For truth commissions, there is a shift in focus from achieving justice, to restoring justice. Testimonies from victims are used to establish a collective narrative. Truth commissions create a position for victims that are not centred on their role as evidence. Rather, victims are used in promoting reconciliation through the expression of individual narratives that are transformed into collective national identities. Truth commissions provide an environment for victims to share their stories, which promotes healing within affected communities. Nonetheless, the opportunity to share stories does not guarantee reconciliation for its participants. Kathleen Mahoney’s article “The Settlement Process: A Personal Reflection” traces the journey to create the Settlement agreement. During the TRC process, many survivors shared their stories with the government but often felt as

In the Article, the Justice on a hill George Packer criticized Rwanda’s method of reconciliation after the Genocide. Gacaca is Rwanda’s way of pursuing justice and the countries attempt to move on from the Genocide. Rwanda’s way of conveying justice may or may not be affective depending on the individual. Gacaca un like a traditional court room allowed the public to be both present and contribute to the dependents prosecution. Gacaca contains “260,00 people of integrity” pg 61. Packer questions Gacaca, stating that is a paradox because survivors of the genocide would be the one to judge. Despite Packer’s opinion about Gacaca most of the people of Rwanda support it.

In To Light a Candle: Amnesty International and the Prisoners of Conscience, by William Kory, he highlights the history of NGOs and the significance it holds, the strives it made on a national level in the development of human rights with the campaign for the abolition of torture. Whereas in chapter 1 of Rita Arditti’s Searching for Life: The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina she describes the horrific events that took place in Argentina when a corrupt government seized control and sought to eliminate anyone within Argentina who was considered a threat to them. These essays work hand in hand to further examine the time period of extreme torture but problematize our understanding of human rights because on one side of the country NGOs was getting established to prevent the torture that was happening on the other side of

Throughout the course of human history, violence has been a reoccurring theme in the conquest for power in countries across the planet. Understanding the ideology behind some of this violence have puzzled historians and psychologists for centuries; furthermore, the presence of reconciliation between the victims and perpetrators after some of these horrific acts of terror is even more astonishing. This form of reconciliation was a significant factor during South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) formed in 1996. After close analysis, I have been able to identify the difference between the similar terms of reconciliation and forgiveness, understand the evaluation process of reconciliation between victims and perpetrators

To support my argument, I will first discuss the evolution of international criminal justice and the ICC. Then I will address my three subsidiary arguments. First, I will argue that the International Criminal Court is effective because it increases accountability of human rights violators. Secondly, I will argue that the existence and use of the court increases disapproval and deterrence which protects human rights making the ICC effective. Third, I will argue that the International Criminal Court is effective because it allows for a universal standard of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour as well as transcends and empowers national jurisdictions. Finally, I will address the counter argument and conclude.

In his book, Mañana es San Perón: A Cultural History of Perón’s Argentina, Mariano Ben Plotkin places Argentine history under the lens of intense scrutiny. Primarily, it is important to note that populism is no stranger to modern Latin America. As such, he examines the political populist movement, Peronism, that would shape modern Argentina. His background as a professor in history of Peronism in Argentina at the University of Berkley, makes him well versed in the nuances of Latin American politics. Plotkin’s focal point is Juan Domingo Peron and his transition to power through consensus and mobilization of masses, ultimately establishing a movement deep into the foundations of modern Argentine society and

Many people look at government policies for change, but questioning the validity of them in the context of the Apartheid in South Africa allows

The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, also known as the TRC, was formed to help the nation deal with the horrific events that occurred under apartheid. It served many purposes including: to allow individuals to find out the truth of crimes committed during the time period, grant amnesty from the government for individuals who confessed the whole truth, and to allow the country as a whole to reconcile and forgive all who contributed to apartheid. These TRC trials were aired nationwide on television. It created a safe ground for citizens to voice the accounts of violence unleashed on them by the government and an opportunity for perpetrators to come forward. The reconciliation of South Africa was achieved by the formalized process of the TRC, with the goal of restoration.

Truth commissions, as outlined by the course, are thought of as essentially ‘good’. However, the benefit of these truth commission, what makes them good, is that they are more so learning tools for the future rather than a be-all-end-all solution for countries’ problems, as discussed in lecture. Thus, truth commissions, as observed, are successful in the instance of addressing violence, but are not so successful in transformative events that could benefit the lands and people. The success of these commissions are measured by the constituency of democracy as viewed from a primarily democratic outer-party, as brought about by one of my classmates. While truth commissions are not relatively similar at all, besides the violence taking place

Now, ten years into a democratic South Africa, how can faith communities who misused their prophetic role under Apartheid be seen as moral authorities after Apartheid? How can a justice system that allowed the unjust brutalization of the majority of the population be seen as an instrument of justice in a new millenium? Of course, control of these institutions is changing, even if slowly, and that will help. But the bigger question remains: can these societal institutions help contribute to the genuine reconciliation that South Africa needs to emerge from the shadow of Apartheid?