Nursing Case Study

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed account of the nursing care for a patient who is experiencing a breakdown in health. One aspect of their care will be discussed in relation to the nursing process. The model used to provide an individualised programme of care will be discussed and critically analysed.

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

Integra is a synthetic wound dressing frequently used to treat burn wounds (Figure 5). It is a bilayer composed of bovine tendon collagen glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin-6-sulphate) cross-linked to it, onto which a silicone (synthetic polysiloxane polymer) membrane is sealed to the upper surface to act as a protective temporary epidermis. The silicone layer is applied as a liquid monomer; curing occurs on the surface of the collagen at room temperature. It serves to control moisture loss from the wound. Water flux across this silicone membrane is the same as that across normal epidermis. The collagen-GAG matrix contains pores ranging from 70 to 200 µm that are invaded by host fibroblasts upon application to an excised wound bed. The pore size was carefully designed by adjusting the collagen-GAG mixture. In GAG-free collagen, the resulting structure was more closed than in collagen-GAG matrices. Smaller pores can delay, or even prevent, biointegration, whereas larger pores would provide an insufficient attachment area for invading host cells. Freeze-drying procedures followed by slow sublimation are used to control pore size too. The degradation rate of 30 days of the collagen-GAG sponge is controlled by glutaraldehyde-induced cross-links. The polypeptide collagen is used for its low levels of antigenicity (it has minimal rejection potential) and because it exerts a hemostatic effect on vascular wounds. Collagen is already found in skin. It is degraded by collagenase deposited

Proliferative phase occurs within a few days of injury in which cells that were involved in the battle need to tend to their wounds and the regenerate to restore itself to its formal glory as best as possible. The body’s way of restoring itself is through use of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and epithelialization. This combination acts of getting new blood vessels to the damage area, aid in the formation of cells to fill in the area which leads to scar tissue, allow the skin to flexible in the repair process and finally resurface the wound with new epithelial

Treating the underlying disease is the most important and should identify the underlying cause of the DFU during the patient assessment, if possible correct or eliminate it. Treating any severe ischaemia is crucial in wound healing, regardless of other interventions. It is recommended that all patients with ischaemia of the limb, rest pain, ulceration and tissue loss, should be referred for consideration of arterial reconstruction. Achieving optimal diabetic control involves tight glycaemic control, managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia and smoking. Nutritional deficiencies should be rectified for better wound

With the various classifications of surgical wounds come different types of wound healing. The type of wound healing will mostly depend on the type of wound amongst patient co-morbities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) that may slow down the healing process. The most superficial type of wound healing is considered to be partial thickness wounds. These types of wounds are superficial and do not penetrate into the dermis; such as 1st degree burns or abrasions. Generally, these types of wounds will heal through epithelialization using the already existing dermal components (Zinn, n.d.). The remaining types of wound healing are done so in either first, second, or third intentions. Healing through first intention is considered primary wound healing/primary closure. Most of the wounds that heal by first intention are closed wounds with placement of a flap or graft or wounds that were made and closed in the OR. This type of healing is considered to be the quickest and most cosmetically attractive method of healing. Healing by second intention describes wounds

Background. Surgical site wound closure can play a key part in the recovery of patients post-operatively. The use of closure material is usually according to the preference of the surgeon and is a frequently debated issue.

Wounds healing, whether from surgical intervention or accidental injury, encompasses the activity of a convoluted network of tissue types, blood cells, growth factors, and cytokines. This results in amplified cellular activity, which grounds an intensified metabolic ultimatum for nutrients. Nutritional deficits can impede a healing wound, and quite a few nutritional factors that are required for wound repair may mend healing-time and wound aftermath.

The first issue and one that must be settled early on is that of possible abortion. The mother and father have both said that they are not going to allow that to happen because of personal religious beliefs, but it is important to ask again prior to starting any other consultation. Once this is settled, most likely negative as parents who follow the Catholic tradition are staunch defenders of unborn fetuses, the team can discuss with the parents the issues that they may face, and what can be done for the baby and themselves.

Free radical pathology and oxidation anxiety has a long history of research behind it, turned out to be a reason for maturing. The support of focused, fibrous tissue organs is maintained by FGF. This incorporates the heart, skin, cerebrum, muscle-skeletal framework and eyes. It's fit for repairing injured tissue. Take the accompanying illustration: FGF's ready to return injured veins or injured nerve tissue to an ordinary state, avoiding future scars or thickening of the cut area. The mending time for most damaged sites is almost cut in half depending factors tho. The re-development with FGF's causes stronghold of the epidermis and circulation underneath the skin brings about far less wrinkles and more advantageous skin.

During this course of the timeline provided, there were 725 ICU patients in this hospital. Out of these ICU patients, only 85 of met the qualifications for this study. Out of the patients presenting with a TBI with or without ARDS, 87.2% were men, with a mean age of 38.9 years. Patients with ARDS with or without a TBI had a mean age of 48.3 years. Out of these patients, 70.9% were men. There were no significant differences in baseline parameters between either those TBI patients with or without ARDS, or the ARDS patients with or without TBI. For the cases of patients presenting in the ICU with non-traumatic causes of ARDS, the most common were diagnosed as having pneumonia at 73.7%, and extrapulmonary sepsis at 21.0%. The most

Wound healing is a complex biological process and lot of research has been conducted for long period of time. The main consideration of dermatologists has to close wound area without any microbial infection. Inflammation, coagulation, proliferation and remoulding of tissues is the main events on wound healing process. One of the prominent feature is marked by the repair of extracellular matrix forming epidermis of skin (Gurtner et al., 2008; Lamers et al., 2011). Chronicity in wounds patients is the leading cause of death worldwide due to wound sepsis. Wound sepsis is the condition in where systemic infection occurs at the site of wound and increase the chances of patient’s deaths. Various factors such as formation of biofilm, microbial pathogens

Many studies on wound healing stages have found abnormal changes in remolding stage, and the main change in this stage was the imbalance in collagen production and degradation. This imbalance in collagen production and degradation was hypothesized to be the cause of keloid scars formation. Although many studies have been conducted on keloid in order to understand its pathophysiology, the full picture of keloid pathophysiology still unclear yet. For the sake of keloid treatment, many treatment regimens were invented to overcome formation of keloid scar as a complication after wound healing. Although there have been many scholars work on finding a treatment for keloid, there are many obstacles to reach the complete cure and avoid recurrence. Keloid treatments were categorized into three categories. These categories are noninvasive medical therapies, surgical and other invasive therapies, and therapies under investigation. In Noninvasive medical therapies category, the majority of treatments in this category exert their effects mainly throughout repression of the fibroblast proliferation rate, ECM synthesis, collagen synthesis, inflammation, enhancing of MMP expression in order to reduce the keloid scar formation. Surgical and other invasive therapies category, although this type of treatment is very popular, it has a high rate of recurrence when it is used alone. Many studies on keloid have shown that the combination therapy is the best therapy, and it has been shown that it reduces the rate of recurrence. For instance, combination of cryotherapy therapy or the surgical management with corticosteroid or 5-Flourouracil therapy was found to give clinical outcomes better than use of either therapy alone. Therapeutic under investigation category, it is including all new therapies

Skin grafting is the most common procedure used in reconstructive surgery. Tie-over dressing is the most common technique used to fix the skin graft to the recipient bed, decrease the dead space, and prevent hematoma and seroma under the graft. The classic method consists of the use of long silk sutures along the edges of the graft that are tied over impregnated non-adherent gauze covered with a bolus gauze. The tedious and time-consuming nature of its

When injury occurs, the body goes through different phases in order to complete its recovery, each phase has a specific job with the intention of preparing the body for the next phase of recovery. The phases that the body goes through are; the bleeding phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting.