Nursing Theories And Frameworks For Critical Thinking Endeavors

Organizational effectiveness depends upon the internal components of a business. For a hospital or a health care organization the internal components are the nurses and healthcare workers within the hospital. Business rely on their employees to make the business successful. For a healthcare organization of any kind to be successful their nurses must have and maintain critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills often evolve over time with past experiences. This is why there must be a nice blend of new and old employees within a unit to make the organization effective and to keep the patients safe.

Critical reflection is vital to develop evidence based practice for safe and quality approaches to professional nursing practice. Nursing professionals should critically reflect on events to identify what health professionals might do to improve their practice and reduce the risk of a similar error. Reflective practice can help to learn from their mistakes, be empowered and most importantly to deliver best possible care to patient as nurses must work closely with their patients to develop a therapeutic relationship. Critical reflection is a valuable skill to ensure patient centred care. This practice promotes personal development by enhancing students’ self-awareness, their sense of community, and their sense of their own capacities for

Nursing practice has revolutionized itself throughout the years. Today we realize the causes of current illnesses as complex and multifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that “fixed” their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that care focuses on many factors. The model demonstrates understanding of how suffering, disease, and illness can be associated by many factors seen at the different levels in society and the medical sciences (source). Caring for each component is

The Neuman System Model is an open system that responds to stressors in the internal, external, and created environments (Masters, 2015). The model can be applied to physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual nursing care making it very diverse in applicability. The Neuman System Model discusses many concepts. One major concept is the idea of stressors and their affects on the patient system. Neuman defines stressors as any phenomenon that might penetrate both the flexible and normal lines of defense, resulting in a positive or negative outcome (Masters, 2015). Types of stressors include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal. Intrapersonal stressors are those that occur within the client system boundary and correlate with the internal environment (Masters, 2015). Interpersonal stressors are those that

Nursing theories serve as thinking guides for nurses to follow in order to reach optimal outcomes for patients. Theories are applied in conjunction with experience one has gained and critical thinking in everyday nursing practice, research, and education. The Neuman Systems Model, which was created by Betty Neuman, is one example of a theory that has been in practice for decades and continues to be modified to reflect new research. When applying the NSM, the nurse focuses on identifying and preventing stressors which are factors that lead to fluctuations in the body that affect daily living.

Critical thinking is a nursing process that includes reflective practice, problem solving and decision making which are connected to one another. The definition of critical thinking is transferring and applying knowledge and skills in a new situation. The critical thinking is needed in a lot of aspects of the nurses’ job such as when the nurses need to provide the precise identification in the specific problems had by the patients. They need to be in detail and also critical to themselves in every time in order to be able to provide identification precisely. When you have the profession in nursing, it is important to be critical thinker. The nurses have the high responsibilities and their responsibilities are increasing from time to time.

Throughout nursing, there are many theories that nurses may come across and use. Calista Roy’s and Betty Neuman are two theorists that use two different types of models to encompasses the health, person, and the environment. Callista Roy uses a theory that promotes adaptation to the stimuli a person may encounter. Betty Neuman uses a theory that promotes equilibrium in a time where a person will encounter stress. These theories allow the nurse to bring a knowledge to learn more about the person and the factors that influence their health. Although with any theory there are different approaches in how the nursing plan is done, but with the patient in mind, it makes the difference in care that is given and allows for better outcomes for the patient.

The two theories that have helped to form my personal perspective on nursing are Erickson; and Rogers. Helen Erickson’s model is based on caring for an individual patient based on their own unique needs and perspective (Nursing Theories and Models, 2017). Erickson’s model took concepts from several other theorists such as Maslow, Padget, Seyle, and Lazarus and combined them to create a nursing model that takes care of each individual patient based on their needs ( Reed, 2017). This theory helps me to be more cognizant of the individual needs of my patient, not all patients regardless of disease process are the same. Each patient may have different underlying factors or circumstances that affect their health and current situation. Rogers’ theory is broader, viewing nursing as both an art and science, promoting health and wellbeing to patients regardless of where they are (Nursing Theories and Models, 2017). The science of nursing involves the knowledge and research of nursing, and the art is applying that science for the betterment of the patient. This theory views an individual as part

interactions act as a whetstone for the critical mind. Authors, Elaine Simpson RN and Mary Courtney RN state

How often, and under what circumstances, do you ask questions that start with “But what if…?” or “It depends…?”

Nursing theories serve as thinking guides for nurses to follow in order to reach optimal outcomes for patients. Theories are applied in conjunction with experience one has gained and critical thinking in everyday nursing practice, research, and education. The Neuman Systems Model, which was created by Betty Neuman, is one example of a theory that has been in practice for decades and continues to be modified to reflect new research. When applying the NSM, the nurse focuses on identifying and preventing stressors which are factors that lead to fluctuations in the body that affect daily living.

Neuman’s Systems Model uses stressors associated within the environment and how the client system will respond. Gigliotti (2002) refers to human beings with regards to the open system and we as humans are a part of the environments within and around us. The model consists of five interacting variables which include physiological, which refers the function of the body; psychological, which refers to mental processes; sociocultural, which refers to social/cultural functions; developmental, refers to development over a lifespan; and spiritual, which refers to spiritual beliefs (Kearney-Nunnery, 2012). The client system can be influenced by internal, external,

Critical thinking is defined as a disciplined, self directed thinking that meets appropriate intellectual standards within a particular mode or domain of thinking (Paul and Elder, 2014). In Nursing, the possession of this important skill helps a nurse to assess a given situation, identify the main problem, determine a perfect solution and implement an effective method of dealing with the problem.

effect on the body. The Neuman’s system model when applied in nursing practice helped in

The theorist Betty Neuman explains how the whole system affects the patient’s health and shows how the nurses are responsible for the social, mental, spiritual, physical and emotional state of the patient and not only the physical aspect. With the theory nursing students, nurses and other professionals are able to provide effective systematic nursing care to their patient using the system model. Furthermore, her ideas give the importance on how to give the right care through a stressful situations and gives knowledge and development to the science of nursing. She also to coping with unexpected situations through three prevention levels which are the primary prevention, secondary prevention, and the tertiary prevention. Generally, I choose this model because I see how it depicts the nurse as an active participant with the patient and as a concerned with all the variables affecting the patients response to stressors. The Betty Neuman theory reflects health