Nursing Theories In The Development Of Nursing Theory In Nursing

nurse staffing ensures quality nursing care for patients and can be a challenge for nurse

The nursing profession entails core values and commonalities that link those in the profession. A comprehensive study of the literature identifies key components of the profession as the provision of technical care, defending the vulnerable, taking care of the ill, as well as establishing systems for the delivery of care. Different models have been developed which describes and guides the nursing profession. The two nursing theories: the Theory of Nursing as Caring by Boykin and Schoenhofer and the Transition Theory of Afaf Ibrahim Meleis are constructive theories and serviceable in the nursing field. This paper gives an analysis of two nursing theories, comparing and contrasting their values.

The metaparadigm of nursing consists of four parts comprised by Jacqueline Fawcett, in 1984, in her seminal work (Alligood, 2014). The metaparadigm she developed served to provide direction and guidance for the nursing framework already in use and became an organization tool for theories already in use (Alligood, 2014). The four parts being person, health, environment, and nursing. The four components of the metaparadigm concept of nursing is important to nursing theory because they are the key areas of focus of patient care, and the metaparadigm is designed to differentiate nursing from other specialties (Alligood, 2014). It is this use of theories that makes nursing a profession and guides professional nursing practice, research, and education (Alligood, 2014).

The nursing profession has progressed greatly since it roots with Florence Nightingale, moving from reliance upon total medical direction for providing basic care and “the first duty of the nurse it that of obedience-absolute fidelity to his orders, even if the necessity of the prescribed measures is not apparent, you have no responsibility beyond that of faithfully carrying out the directions received” (Jennifer C. Telford), into an autonomous practice with its own nursing theory practices, models, and interventions.

The activities include physical and occupational therapy, nutrition counseling, and case management ("Community Health Nursing," 2013).

The role of theory in clinical nursing practice is to guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing care. Theory in nursing practice provides a rationale for collecting reliable and valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision making and implementation. Nursing theory also serves as a guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing practice. Theories can address important questions for nursing units. Theories can be grand, middle range and practice. Grand theories provide a complex and broad scope and incorporate numerous ways of viewing concepts in nursing. Middle range nursing theories are narrower in scope and offer an effective bridge between grand nursing theories and nursing practice.

Mishel’s (1988) Uncertainty in Illness theory is a mid-range nursing theory that examines how uncertainty can affect patients. In addition, Mishel’s theory identifies causes of uncertainty that negatively or positively affect the patient. If an individual is spiraling down a known path of illness, they may perceive uncertainty as a benefit. However, illness uncertainty causes breakdowns, fear of the illness, emotional distress, loss of control, and inappropriate coping methods (Mishel 1988). These conditions if left untreated will lead to patients that are unable to form cognitive structures for illness related events, develop improper psychological adjustments, poor decision-making, and traumatic stress responses (Mishel 1988). Along with

Some people ask what is nursing and what do nurses do? Nurses follow the nursing process to treat patient and they often use different theories to guide them. According to Peplau’s Theory of Nursing, she believe that nurses must clearly understand the purpose of nursing to promote their client’s growth, and nurse-patient interact. The role of nursing is to help others identify their health problems and nurses should apply the principles of nurse-patient relations to the problems that emphasize all levels of experience. Watson’s Theory defined nursing as the principle of nursing that can lead to the practice of loving-kindness between the one who is caring and the one who is being cared for, especially the caring activities performed by nurses as they interact with others. Although Peplau and Watson’s theory both desire interacting and caring for others, Watson’s theory is typically reflective of an excellent in human and heart-centered. Not only is it a relationship of caring for the self and others based on a foundation of love and values, but also it is a caring moment-to-moment between the nurses and others.

The application of theories into nursing practice has profound advantages for nurses as well as the profession as a whole. Many of today’s evidence-based practice and nursing concepts and fundamentals are stemmed from nursing theories that were developed by many nurse scholars and researchers. A wide range of nursing theories have been used throughout the history of the profession as the basis of professional nursing practice and it helps nurses perform superior care for their patients and better serve the community by incorporating evidence-based practice which has been tested and validated in studies. By acknowledging the importance of these frameworks and their use in clinical practice, nurses are given the opportunity to fine-tune their nursing judgment and decision-making skills. Furthermore, nurses are empowered to apply these theories into their daily practice as it helps them build new knowledge and ensures that their nursing interventions are supported by research. To demonstrate how nursing theories impact evidence-based practice, this paper will discuss two research articles in which Mishel’s uncertainty in illness theory has been used as the basis for the study. It will then be followed by a brief analysis of the utility of this framework within daily nursing practice as well as my personal thoughts regarding Mishel’s uncertainty theory. One research article by Almgren, Lennerling, Lundmark, and Forsberg (2017) utilized Mishel’s theory in a study to

Another theory that is helpful for working with the elderly is Merle Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness. When a client is diagnosed with a chronic illness, it can produce a lot of stress for them and rob them of their peace of mind. Nurses can assist the patient by constructing a personal scenario for the illness which includes; • Why or how the illness began, • How it will progress, • How the patient can recover. • Incorporating the uncertainty is an approach where there is a change in the patient’s and family’s perspective in life, away from an orientation to control and predict toward an acceptance of unpredictability and uncertainty as normal.” Some of the most important parts of this theory are the aspects to which it gives

In each theory, the common thread in the definition of “nursing” is the interaction between the nurse and the patient with the intent to “do” something. The goal of that interaction may differ but nurses have to communicate and interact with their patients in order to have nursing. Each theory identifies “environment” differently; one as the “position of influence” ("enthronement," n.d.) and the other as the internal energy and external background. Each theory, again, has a different outlook on the meaning of “health” but each identifies that “health” is determined by the patient and is affected by not only the mechanical process of life but also the psychological, internal workings of the mind. Finally, a “person” by definition of both theories is the individual who has some type of health limitation requiring assistance from an outside party, the nurse, in-order to resolve that identified limitation. By knowing these similarities and differences, the nurse can identify how each theory can be used in the clinical

Nursing theories are the support of nursing practice today. They are significant to nursing practice, education and scientific research because they help to determine, what is already known, and what additional knowledge and skills are needed. Nurses are usually first exposed to nursing theories during nursing education and further exposure comes from hands on training. The gained knowledge, about nursing theories, through education and training enhances better outcomes for patients and caregivers, allows application of professional boundaries, and assists in decision making. In this paper I will attempt to analyze, in general, the importance of nursing theory to the nursing profession; discuss middle-range theory, furthermore Benner’s

Nursing theories are views and beliefs developed by nurses. Nursing care uses these models in everyday practice. Over the years many nurses have created a solid base of information for nurses to practice by. These women influenced nursing still to this day. All have set the basis for our understanding and comprehension of nursing care. “The nursing theory process consists of six elements; Assessment, Nursing Diagnose, Outcome, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation” (George, p.226). Every patient goes through steps of nursing processes, no matter which model is used. Nurses ensure the highest quality of care when the steps are followed.

Nursing theories are not a new concept in the field of nursing or health care in general. An extremely well known nursing theorist is Florence Nightingale, but there are other theorists who have also contributed to the field of nursing. A theory is defined as “an integrated set of defined concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, and control that phenomenon” (Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 228). A theory can be applied to any field, especially the field of nursing. Many theories are specific in one concept of nursing. The theory may be concentrated on the steps of the nursing process or on specific aspects of the nursing process, such as, the patient’s hygiene, activities of

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