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Nutrition Volume 16, Numbers 7/8, 2000
24. Ferro-Luzzi A, Sette S. The Mediterranean diet: an attempt to define its present and past composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 1989;43:1329 25. Galeno C. La dieta dimagrante. Palermo, Italy: Flaccovio, 1989 26. de Baldach U. Theatrum sanitatis. Liber magistri. Codice Casanatense 4182. Parma, Italy: FM Ricci, 1970 27. Curionem I. Medicina salernitana: id est conservandae bonae valetudines praecepta. Frankfurt, Germany: Kempffer M, 1628 28. Cornaro L. L’arte di vivere a lungo. Discorsi sulla vita sobria. Venice, Italy: Brogiollo, 1620
18. Braudel F. Civilisation materielle, economie et capitalisme (XV–XVIII siecle). Les structures du quotidien. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1979:135
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However, within a given country, it is still the richest people who consume the diet highest in fat.1 The sharply reduced cost of vegetable oils has been the main reason for increased fat consumption worldwide.1 Technologic advances in high-yield oil seeds and in the refining of high-quality vegetable oils have greatly reduced the cost of baking and frying fats, margarine and other table spreads, and salad and cooking oils. The production and export of vegetable oils, not only in the United States but also in Europe, South East Asia (palm oils), and South America (soybean oils) are promoted through direct subsidies, credit guarantees, food aid, and market-development programs. By the 1990s, soybean oil represented 70% of the production and consumption of edible oils and fats in the United States and now accounts for one-third of vegetable-oil consumption worldwide.1,2 At this time, at US retail prices, vegetable oil delivers approximately 5000 calories per dollar spent. Wealth used to be associated with increased sugar consumption.2 However, sugar has become plentiful and cheap. World sugar consumption in 1999 and 2000 is forecast at a record 130.1 million tons, almost 4% above the previous year’s level. Growth trends in sugar consumption were interrupted in the mid-1990s as financial
In life, many people participate in various daily events and activities that help them enjoy being who they are. People may enjoy getting together with friends, going to the mall, going to an amusement park or simply finding relaxation in nature. However, a big part of everyone’s life is of course eating and many people find pleasure in doing so. Eating is a very enjoyable and delectable must for everyone but should be done so, like everything in life, in a smart and intelligent way. Being smart and perceptive when eating is a large part of nutrition.
The past fifty years has seen a spike in the consumption of sugar, that number totaling a tripling increase. However, sugar is not the only risk factor here, alcohol and tobacco can also be attributed with the spike, albeit not as prevalent as sugar. The biggest question that Lustig et al. poses to its’ readers is this: “What aspects of the Western diet should be the focus of intervention”? (par. 3) The current USDA has been deemed “boogeymen” of diets, as well as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Lustig et al. all believe that our attention should be turned towards “added sugar”, which is a sweetener that has fructose in it. Perhaps the biggest controversy from the past fifty years has been none other than a severe culprit that experts know as high fructose corn syrup or HFCS.
Nowadays, it seems as if you can find sugar anywhere and everywhere. You can go to the grocery store and there will be shelves upon shelves of candy bars. Not only are they plentiful, but they’re also cheap. It appears that every sugary food item is extremely affordable, and healthy foods are expensive. Well, it hasn’t always been that way. Sugar used to be expensive and difficult for many to afford. Candies and other sugar-packed foods were scarce and tasted horrible. But how has that affected how much we eat?
The overconsumption of inappropriate foods containing trans-fats and large serving portions has caused many to become obese hence developing heart disease, and diabetes among other preventable disease. Currently over 500 million of the world population is obese and one and half billion people in the world are overweigh”. Every year about 2.5 million deaths are related to obesity (WHO) and children seem to be the most affected. Furthermore, obesity has continued to increase and currently there are more obese people in the world than underweight. Amazingly, the United States a country with ample resources has the higher rate of obese
The problem with food production in America is the mistreatment of livestock, the overproduction of corn in America, and the amount of corn feeded to the animals ; these issues affect consumers’ health because of the amount of diabetes has been increasing over years. Michael Pollan in "When a Crop Becomes King” he explains that the government pays for corn to be grown a lot more then it should be ,David Barboza in the article “If You Pitch it , They will Eat It” the way companies just want to get into kids mind by tricking them into telling their parents to buy them unhealthy food just for the toy it comes with, In “Pleasures of Eating,” Wendell Berry most of the people just rather be eating out then making food. There is uncertainty about the way food is produce because we cannot control people on what they
Journalist and novelist Michael Pollan writes about the trials and tribulations surrounding food in North America and raises questions regarding Western diet, which is mostly comprised of refined sugar and high fructose corn syrup and corn in general. He reiterates that chemically generated food is creating disease in North Americans; If we eliminate these factors and adopt the eating habits of less industrialized places in the world will we in our lifetime see rates of heart disease, type two diabetes and obesity decline dramatically? The western diet has evolved drastically in the last sixty years, so much so that people have become codependent on the government, dietitians and food agencies regarding their health and what to consume. The land is suffering from pesticides and singular plant farming, the alternative to this is to buy organic but at a higher price. Media has influenced the consumer to read the label and accept and trust the daily vitamin percentages on the box, as this is what is best for them. Money is the key factor in all of this and the government, scientific research and media know that, therefor the public is in for a shock when they realize that the very labels that are supposed to save them have fooled them.
In the documentary film “Fed Up”, sugar and the sweeteners in our food or beverages is featured to be the prime ingredient that is making the most of our adolescents obese. It tells of a few families struggling with obesity, and how these families have been trying to do everything they can to help their children lose weight. It shows what kind of food that they are eating at home and the weight problem that most of the family is struggling with. The food that is being served at schools and also the thousands of products that contain sugar, everywhere groceries are bought; sugar is the main cause for obesity. It tells that low wage earners have no choice, but to buy unhealthy food, because healthier food cost more. “The bottom line: cheap, unhealthy foods mixed with a sedentary lifestyle has made obesity the new normal in America. There is no single, simple answer to explain the obesity patterns in America, says Walter Willett, who chairs the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health” article in the U. S. News. Although it does cost more, a school of public health wrote in an article, “While healthier diets did cost more, the difference was smaller than many people might have expected. Over the course of a year, $1.50/day more for eating a healthy diet would increase food costs for one person by about $550 per year. On the other hand, this price difference is very small in comparison to the economic costs of diet-related chronic diseases, which would be
As populations become more urban and incomes rise, diets high in sugar, fat and animal products replace more traditional diets that were high in complex carbohydrates and fibre. Ethnic cuisine and unique traditional food habits are being replaced by westernized fast foods, soft drinks and increased meat consumption (Drewnowski, 2000). Homogenization and westernization of the global diet has increased the energy density and this is particularly a problem for the poor in all
Body mass index, or BMI, is used by doctors and health physicians to measure excessively high levels of body fat in relation to lean body mass in an individual. Having a BMI ratio that is considered above average or too high normally denotes persons at risk to several health adversities such as heart attacks, liver damage, diabetes, and even more widespread, obesity. In 2005, the United States Department of Health and Human Services estimated that over half of the adult American population was either overweight or obese, and many of these health concerns were correlated with a person’s diet and type of food consumption. In an attempt to assign blame for the cause, political and social commentators’ claim that long standing farm subsidies on particular food commodities correlate with rising obesity trends in America. In a documentary titled Food, Inc., opened to audience in 2008, award winning filmmaker Robert Kenner argues that current agricultural policies on these subsidized food commodities are allowing major food corporations to mass produce products that negatively affect the health of consumers nationwide. He contends that commodity crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans are heavily subsidized by the government to produce snack foods that are high in calorie content but low in cost, becoming the prime choice for Americans looking for cheap and readily available foods to eat. Kenner believes that government subsidies need to either be
In his article “We Are What We Eat,” Michael Pollan discusses how industrial corn makes up the majority of food consumed in the United States. When one attempts to trace the origins of their food, it usually ends in a corn field. Most of the food that people eat have some type of corn product or corn derivative in them, which indicates that nearly all of the food is corn-based. Additionally, Pollan claims the obesity crisis occurring in the United States is due to the overproduction of corn, which has caused people to eat more calories. Also, aside from seafood all of the population’s food comes from the farm, and compared to the past, farms are producing five hundred more calories of food per daily intake. This high production of corn has
Which data indicates the need for the nurse to evaluate Mrs. Rusk further for altered nutrition? (Select all that apply.)
Pollan states that energy-dense foods are the cheapest on the market. For example, one dollar can either buy 1,200 calories of potato chips/cookies or 250 calories of carrots. One dollar can also buy either 875 calories of soda or 170 calories of juice. Most people opt for the first options because you get more calories for your money. This is the reason the daily intake of calories has jumped ten percent and all of these extra calories can be traced back to the farm. Corn has become a product in many of the things we eat. In 1980, corn, or rather high-fructose corn syrup, became an ingredient in Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola had clever marketing when they changed their eight ounce bottles to twenty ounces to get people to pay a little more for a larger amount of coke. Because of this, consumption of sugars has grown from 128 pounds to 158 pounds per person. If corn had never been put in Coca-Cola would we be healthier today? Would our consumption of sugars be lower? This chapter led me to think more about why people choose to eat the things they do and made me realize that these less nutritious foods have a big impact on us in the long run.
When most people think about sugar, their first thoughts are not: heart disease, addiction, or slow and painful death; yet, unfortunately, these conditions are very real consequences of the unregulated and excessive consumption of sugar. In Nature’s article, “The Toxic Truth About Sugar” (2012), Robert Lustig, pediatric endocrinologist; Laura Schmidt, Professor of Health Policy at UCSF; and Claire Brindis, Professor of Pediatrics and Health Policy at UCSF, evaluate the world’s ever-increasing and toxic struggle with the substance sugar – also discussing counter measures to promote healthier diets amongst American’s and other societies. Lustig and his colleagues develop their argument using statistical evidence as they address the global impact of sugar, refuting minor oppositions, before dissecting each harmful aspect of the substance – even comparing it to substances more known for their toxicity. Eventually, presenting readers with possible routes of regulation, the authors firmly suggest government intervention in the production and sale of sugary foods. Although the argument is well executed, I remain unconvinced that government intervention is actually necessary.
102). One might impugn that it is not poverty but lack of education that affects the obesity epidemic. It does not require a mathematician to comprehend that choosing a two dollar case of Honey Buns as opposed to a six dollar bag of apples will equal more food in the refrigerator. Generally, processed foods are more “energy dense” than garden-fresh foods; they contain less water and fiber but more added fat and sugar, which make them both less satisfying and more calorific (Pollan, 2006). Provisions similar to fruits and vegetables contain high water content that permits individuals to feel satiated rather swiftly. Nutritious meals are more expensive, less tasty, and are more time consuming to prepare, fostering unhealthy eating patterns. On special occasions, parents will treat their children to McDonalds where everything is “super-sized”. Adults and children can acquire debauched consumption patterns because they don’t comprehend the quantity they have enthusiastically ingested. Pollan (2006) stated that “Well-designed fast food has a fragrance and flavor all its own, a fragrance and flavor only nominally connected to hamburgers or French fries or for that matter to particular food” (p. 111).
If you’ve ever talked to somebody after they 've traveled to a country such as Italy or Greece, they probably mentioned how delicious the food was. Food is one of the more common affiliations with countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea; and understandably so. The food this region produces is so notable that there is a diet based off it, companied with endless research elaborating the health benefits it accommodates. Fittingly named The Mediterranean Diet, this compilation of foods including fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, high fiber breads, whole grains, nuts, olive oil and red wine are targeted to help prevent a number of diseases as well as promote health in different sectors of the body. This essay will touch upon each component, benefit, and precaution of the Mediterranean diet, in depth, all with a main focus on the nutritional factors.