Nvt2 Task 1

SST TASK 2: ARE CHILDREN TOO HASTILY BEING DIAGNOSED WITH ADD? A1 Twenty years ago children being diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder was not as common as it is today. Are children too hastily diagnosed with ADD? Most children diagnosed are being treated and even medicated. Children should not be medicated unless the symptoms cause a significant strain on their life or ability to learn. Significant adverse

The accompanying steps depict how a customer and a server confirm each other utilizing Kerberos.

CNA Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (2008) provides guidance in dealing with cases like this by explaining the core nursing values and responsibilities involved which are: a) providing safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care; b) promoting health and well-being; c) promoting and respecting informed decision-making, and d) Preserving dignity; e) maintaining confidentiality, f) promoting justice and g) being accountable. The first nursing value is always expected to be upheld in any case because it is their duty to provide care using appropriate safety precautions and preventing/minimizing all forms of violence (CNA, 2008). The collaboration of the nurses between the physician and Mr. C’s family has been evident since then. This therefore calls Mr. C’s nurses to be more compassionate about his situation and try to recognize where he is coming from as they build a trust-worthy relationship before judging him or jumping into conclusions like he does not want to live anymore. Even if he decides to withdraw from these potentially life-sustaining treatments, health care providers are still obliged to give him the care he need the best way they can up until the end of his life. The second nursing value, just like the first one, still calls nurses to still aim to promote or at least maintain Mr. C’s health and well-being to the highest possible level regardless of the path he had chosen for his life. This can be achieved by continuing to collaborate well with other

“An ethical dilemma exists when a choice has to be made in which the consequences may have a potential positive or negative outcome.”("Topic 4: Contemporary Ethical Dilemmas (How do managers evaluate beginning-of-life dilemmas?). ", n.d.) The given scenario presents a patient named Jamilah Shah, who is of Turkish descent, 90 years old and collapsed at the side of her bed in the extended care facility in which she resides. The patient suffers from Chronic Pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus. The patient was rushed to the ER were the EKG and lab tests revealed she suffered a heart attack and she was started on anticoagulants. The patient has no advance directives and a communication barrier exists, the ER department contacts the emergency contact, one of the patient 's sons Bashir. The patient 's family arrives at the hospital and her son states that he makes the decisions and the wants a do not resuscitate order for his mother and no medical intervention other than comfort care. The social worker handling Jamilahs case is concerned by her family 's lack of support and that the family 's wishes are at odds with the patient 's request for help and her expressed desire to live. Furthermore if the patient does not receive a cardiac catheterization or is considered for a coronary bypass, she will surely die.

The ethical dilemma that I have ever encountered was dealing with a DO NOT RESUSCITATE (DNR) situation at a previous place of employment. The 67 year-old male patient was admitted from the hospital on a DNR status, but there was no physician order for DNR or legal documents in the chart. As the shift went on, his medical condition had gotten worst and he coded. Now the question was whether or not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) since the patient has a DNR status. Without the physician order for the DNR on file, I had to make a decision to active the code blue button and performed CPR with the other nurses and staff team members on the floor. The family was notified after the fact and the patient’s daughter was not happy. She

In this case, the most ethical approach would be involving family members or their guardians. The best interest principle requires the decision maker to apply their own knowledge, values, and expertise to make the decision on behalf of the patient. The decision in this case is made with the patient’s best interest at heart. On the other hand, the principle of substituted judgment, the decision maker attempts to make the decision based on the known preferences and values of the patient. The healthcare administrator is required to assess the situation and recommend the best decision making

Ethical dilemma may also arise in cases where a patient may feel their right to DNR should be carried out when giving direct order. The DNR process, however, is required to be documented by a physician. Andrew Putnam (2003) presents a case where an eighty-eight year old patient’s code status was DNR; “However, the patient has never signed formal advance directive statement or assigned durable power of attorney for her health care to anyone.” (Putnam, 2003, 2025) Ethics can be simply stated as doing the right thing (Roberts, 2002, 242); but in this case ethics is questioned because the physician was faced with the decision to carry out the wishes of the patient or to make a decision based on legality. In this case, it may have been morally right to carry out the wishes of the patient who wanted DNR orders carried out, but it may have been the right choice to do the legal thing and not carried out due to lack of signed documentation.

Advance directives can become ethical issues especially when a family attempts to enforce their opinions on healthcare instead of what a patient had requested in a living will. Advance directives, sometimes called a living will, are legal documents that allow an individual to spell out your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of

In this scenario several hospital employees provide care for a 72 year-old male retired rabbi patient. The patient was admitted with a broken hip, he is restrained and during his stay he was given the wrong meal tray. Nursing-sensitive indicators such as pressure ulcers and patient satisfaction will be addressed. These indicators can be addressed and measured by the hospital through collecting data pertaining to pressure ulcer prevention and Press Ganey scores for patient satisfaction. The ethical issue of the wrong food tray will be addressed by using the appropriate referrals and resources.

As a patient advocate, a registered nurse (RN)can face many dilemmas when determining the course of care for individuals they tend to. Many of these fall into either legal or ethical issues that can be very difficult to decipher and/or adhere to. Understanding and determining the proper course of action in these situationsrelie s heavily on the nurse’sability to critically think and their knowledge of legal policies, along with the ethically acceptable practices that are within the scope of practice of an RN. The fallowing case study is a prime example of legal and ethical issues that may arise during the course of an RN’s career, as provided by Evolve.

Several ethical issues arise when planning, and implementing, advance directives, many of which can be grouped into three general categories: the perspective of the physician, that of the family, and the economic costs associated with advance directives. Physicians are intimately involved in the end-of-care process, and may disapprove with the proxy's end-of -life decisions. A physician may not agree with a proxy's decision to withdraw feeding tubes or medications that may aid in their patient's recovery. On the other hand, a physician's refusal to carry out a patient's wishes may lead to increased pain, suffering, and additional financial hardship. Most hospitals have ethical committees, which help patients, families, and healthcare providers

Patients should have the freedom to make self-determined choices related to their care, but I find at times opposing views cause discrepancies. Cancer treatment, for example, tends to be challenging when trying to respect patient autonomy. “Given the complex biology of a cancer diagnosis, the many treatment options available, and the rapidly changing science of oncology, even a well-informed patient likely lacks the scientific and biomedical expertise required to make evidence-based decisions about their condition” (Martinez, Kurian, Hawley, & Jagsi, 2015). As a result, it is my responsibility to respect and advocate for the decisions being made by patients despite potential negative outcomes. Among other principles embedded within my ethical values include beneficence, nonmaleficence, and advocacy. Beneficence and nonmaleficence are very similar in nature. The primary difference lies in the fact that beneficence tries to achieve what is good while nonmaleficence seeks to do no harm in situations requiring nursing action. I find myself frequently balancing these two principals when administering narcotic pain medications to a post-operative patient. Post-operatively, patients frequently come out of recovery requiring oxygen for some period of time. This is because general anesthetics have a tendency to depress the respiratory status. Giving narcotic pain medication after

Also, when medical professional need to face complex situations with patients, the hospital staff has the right to request an ethics consult. On this case, after the staff requested an ethics consult, a representative of the ethics committee needs to attend the request. The ethics representative will review and discuss, with the attending physician, Mr. Smith son, and Mr. Curry, the treatment of Mr. Smith. On this specific case, the patient left and advance directive indicating the treatment he will or not accept. During the consultation, the committee member should try to resolve the disagreements between Mr. Smith physician, Mr. Curry, and his son Barry and provide them with viable alternatives, but always respecting the wishes of the patient. As stated by Pearlman (2013), the underlying goals of the ethics committee on any case are to promote the rights of the patient, promote shared decision making, promote fair policies and procedures, and promote an ethical environment (What does an ethics committee or program do? para.

The nurse and the physician did not utilize moral reasoning, a process of considering and selecting approaches to resolve ethical issues, when giving information about a “Do not resuscitate (DNR)” form to the husband of the patient in ICU (Zerwekh, 2013, p. 420). When the physician showed the husband the DNR form, it stated that the physician pointed out what they could do for the patient. In this case, it is perceived that the physician highlighted the parts of the DNR form that would coerce the husband into signing the form, while leaving out what the hospital will no longer do for his wife once this form is signed. In a study, it was found that many physicians lack the specific communication skills that result in complete informed

The case study on Ann has many ethical and legal issues at hand, even though she may have discussed not being hooked to a breathing machine, she did not fill out the legal paperwork. Ann has been admitted to a nursing home and after a three weeks develops pneumonia which is now being treated with antibiotics at the hospital. Ann is now improving from the pneumonia but, has stopped talking and is refusing to eat. The physician wants to put in a tube for tube feeding and the husband is having a hard time making a decision. It is often the families that have to make the hard decisions in caring for family members.