OSA Pathogenesis Paper

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a rare genetic disorder caused by a gene mutation in which bones break easily, often with no particular cause. OI can cause extreme pain and discomfort. There are several types of this disorder ranging in severity. The population affected by this disease ranges by type from one in every sixty thousand to one in every thirty-thousand.

The objective of this correlational study was to find a correlation between the weight of the brain at the time of death and the incidence of SIDS. In addition the researchers examined the relationship between brain growth and head circumference.

The interorbital features method utilizes a specialized coordinate caliper called a simometer (see Appendix I for image) and involves a set of six measurements taken from the midfacial skeleton, followed by computation of three indices: maxillofrontal, zygoorbital, and alpha. The three indices are calculated by dividing three breadth measurements into their corresponding subtense measurements, then multiplying by 100 (Gill et al. 1988). The six measurements as described by Gill et al. (1988) are summarized in detail below, and images of the technique follow (Figure 1).

As stated before FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation. There may be mild to severe growth retardation including decreased birthweight and head circumference in addition to continued growth retardation for height, weight and head circumference. Children with FAS fail to ever catch up in growth during the preschool years and have a tendency to remain thin even though there is adequate nutrition. These children often have anomalies and deformed facial features such as short palpebral fissures, flat midface, thin upper lip, indistinct philtrum, epicanthal folds, low nasal bridge, minor ear anomalies, micrognathia, strabismus, ptosis of the upper eyelid, narrow receding forehead, and a short upturned nose (Hess and Kenner 2). In broader terms the face of a FAS child includes a small head; a small maxilla which is the upper jaw; short, upturned nose; smooth philtrum which is a groove in the upper lip; smooth and thin upper lip; and small slightly narrow eyes with noticeable epicanthal folds (http://www.adam.com/ency/article/0009111.sym.htm). In the American Journal of Public Health and article called Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts, described a study conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy and oral clefts (Lorente, Cordier, Goujard and Ayme 1). First of all during the 6th through

This patient is most likely presented with osteogenesis imperfecta. This disease is characterized by a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones, in which the patients have their bones break easily resulting either from mild trauma or no apparent cause. Multiple fractures are commonly seen, and in severe cases, can occur even before birth. In milder cases only a few fractures may be seen. There are several types of OI, at least eight recognized forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, from type I through type VIII. They can be distinguished by their signs and symptoms, although their characteristic features may overlap (Greeley, et al., 2013). This patient apparently has the severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including type I, which are characterized by bone fractures during childhood that often result frequent bone fractures from little or minor trauma. This child presented with a blue or grey tint to the part of the eye that is usually white,

Dr.Avi Weisfogel has joined various marketing clubs that the field of dentistry has to offer due to his deep interest in marketing and business for dentists.Dr.Avi Weisfogel has developed a system that created nearly two hundred and fifty to three hundred oral appliance patient per month.Sleep apnea comes about as a result of relaxation of the muscles of the throat when a person is sleeping.This results to snoring, drowsiness, insomnia and headaches when a person is

Dr Avi Weisfogel is a sleep specialist and dentist. He researches and treats sleep apnea using dentistry as a technique. Sleep apnea is condition that causes a person to seize breathing while sleeping for a short period of a few seconds up to a minute. Patients with sleep apnea find it hard to relax and feel refreshed after sleeping due to the interruption of their breathing pattern and it mostly cause by repeated sleep deprivation. More and more people are suffering form it due to the unhealthy culture of people consistently failing to get at least seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep each night. As a dentist Dr. Weisfogel is a pioneer in the research and progress of many sleep

Dr. Avi Weisfogel has reached out to other dental professionals with his findings in sleep apnea. Dr. Avi Weisfogel is highly interested in teaching other dental professionals about sleep disorder and diagnosis treatment. The future is definitely looking very bright for those in the sleep technology field. The future is also looking very bright for those that suffer from sleep

Components, for example, decreased action levels and expanded ravenousness, especially for refined sugars, might possibly add to weight pick up in OSA patients. Whether OSA inclines to particular collection of instinctive fat stays to be resolved. CPAP treatment of OSA diminishes the measure of instinctive fat (as measured by stomach CT examining), even in patients without huge weight reduction. At long last, there are information demonstrating significant cover in hereditary substrates in the middle of OSA and weight. Patel et al reported a critical connection in the middle of's AHI and human adiposity measures (going from 0.57 to 0.61), proposing that heftiness could clarify about 40% of the hereditary change in rest apnea. In another study, Popko et al demonstrated that polymorphisms (Arg/Arg and Gln/Arg when contrasted and Gln/Gln) of the leptin receptor, which is included in vitality homeostasis and body weight regulation, are essentially related with both OSA and stoutness when contrasted and sound controls. These studies propose that hereditary polymorphisms may impact both rest apnea and corpulence, and may be essentially interrelated in the improvement of these

Chiari malformation is defined as a series of malformations of the cerebellum and the skull. This is the result of many things, one is theorized to be premature births of infants.There are many other possible causes for this.Another is Hydrocephalus, or “water on the brain”, which is in reality an excess of cerebrospinal fluid, CSF around the skull. The history of this dates back to 1891, an Austrian pathologists by the name of Hans Chiari found a malformation of the brain. Doctor Chiari found the types I,III,and IV. He characterized the definition of the disorder as “ A series of malformations of the cerebellum/hindbrain and skull”. Years later, one of Chiari’s students Julius Arnold, expanded on the ideas Chiari had found. Chiari is named for both Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold.

Stickler Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2016, from http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/stickler-syndrome/

ABNORMALITIES: The abnormalities regarding growth are- Prenatal onset of marked growth deficiency. Average birth weight at term is 1543g (1000 to 2005g) Mean postnatal growth is 1543 deficiency is -7.1 SD +/- 2.08. One adult was 104 cm. Delayed bone age. Genitalia showing Cryptorchidism. In Craniofacies abnormalities are: Microcephaly with secondary premature synostosis. In one-half of cases, head circumference is more retarded than height, while for the remainder it is as retarded as height. Receding forehead. Prominent nose, micrognathia, low- set malformed

Storage in the GAG can create enlargement of the tongue, adenoids and/or tonsils with the structure of collapsible, space occupying lesions in pharyngolaryngeal walls (Simmons et al 2005). Blockage is frequently worsened by the existence of the swelled secretions around the lower and upper respiratory tracts (Leighton et al 2001). Manifestations of ENT are alongside the first illness-specific manifestation to emerge; it could activate conclusion of MPS and tends to evolve as with time (Muhlebach et al 2011; Wold et al 2010). You’re able to see the effects during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep; it causes a loss of strength in the accessory muscles of respiration and reduction in ventilator CO2 chemo sensitivity (Dempsey et al 2010). Because of the changes that happen alongside sleep, ventilatory compromise generally first manifests as Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) and unfamiliar hypoxemia during sleep. SDB happens in 80% of MPS victims (John et al 2011; Leighton et al 2001; Semenza and Pyeritz 1988). It can be classified as Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) or sustained hypoventilation. Due to the interactions

Craniosynostosis is characterized by abnormalities in the skull shape as well as prominent eyes which can easily be detected upon physical examination. [W. Reardon et al. 1994]

Matthew K. LEE, Osamu SAKAI, Jeffrey H. SPIEGEL. CT measurement of the frontal sinus e Gender differences and implications for frontal cranioplasty. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2010) 38, 494-500