Observation Experiment

The continuous pattern evident throughout the experiment is the increasing height correlated to an increase in lung capacity. Another relationship between the results is that, out of the three tests, the second test was smaller than the first while the third test was larger than the second set of data. The results demonstrate that height affects vital capacity (the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation) (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vital+capacity). Lung volume increases in taller individuals due to increased thorax and lung size. This is because when someone is taller, the surface area of the lungs is enlarged, which allows the volume of the lung to grow, since there is more space in the person’s body

Assessment: the patient 's vital signs are 108/68, 125 beats per minute, respirations, even and non-labored at 14 breaths per minute, 92% on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula, afebrile 98.5 F.

7.) With moderate aerobic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? How well did the results compare with your prediction?

You correctly answered: c. FEV1 2. Calculate the ERV of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: TLC = 6000 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, RV = 1200 ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml. Your answer: b. 1000 ml Correct answer: d. 1400 ml 3. Calculate the FVC of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: RV = 1000 ml, IRV = 3000 ml, TV = 500 ml, ERV = 1500 ml. Your answer: c. 2500 ml Correct answer: b. 5000 ml 4. What is the largest volume for the normal patient? You correctly answered: a. IRV 5. What happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient? Your answer: b. It increased for the emphysema patient and decreased for the asthmatic patient. Correct answer: d. It increased for both patients.

Writing assignment 1 for Writing in the Sciences at Stanford University. A summarization of a “hot paper”. “Changes in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second over Time in COPD” from 2011 by Vestbo et al.

1. The values of Inspiratory Capacity (IC), Vital Capacity (VC), Functional Residual Capacity (FRC), and Total Lung Capacity (TLC) were compared to the values of an Adult Female because the volunteer in the experiment was female as well. The comparison of values showed that the volunteer had low values of IC and VC but a much higher value of FRC. Factors contributing to these differences could be due to the volunteer possibly having a smaller lung capacity and lung size compared to the average female therefore causing the results, or the volunteer did not expire all the air possible from the lungs and caused skewed results considering the total lung capacity was very similar to the average female values.

To test the capacity of a person’s lungs is to use the Functional Residual Capacity method, this measures the amount of air in the lungs after a normal breath. This will be taken before the aerobic exercise is taken place. To measure their lung capacity after the 5 minutes of exercise, their breathing is slightly more forceful and that must be taken into account therefore measuring the Expiratory Reserve Volume which is measuring an exhale that is slightly forceful after exercising. These measurement will be compared in a table along with other data containing height, athletes and non-athletes. One of the ways their capacity is being measured is by using a spirometer although it takes a forced breath to calculate its capacity. Another method

In this study I am observing the effects of gender on forced vital capacity (FVC) and the relationship between torso length, height, and torso/height ratio on forced vital capacity. To look at FVC I am interested in looking at the largest amount of air a person can forcefully exhale and continue exhaling for 6 seconds after breathing in as deeply as a person can. If gender has an effect on FVC then males will have a greater FVC than the FVC of females. If there is a correlation between height and FVC, then as height increases so will FVC. If there is a correlation between torso length and FVC then the longer a torso the greater the FVC will be. If there is a correlation between torso/height ratio and FVC then the greater

TABLE 2: This table represents the lung capacity of people who don’t do exercise at all, their lung capacity was measured with the balloon who after that was introduce into the bucket and water was represented en ml in the table below.

In chapter three, we examined the variation of certain oxygen indices with changes in the following external physiological factors (FIO2, Hb, RQ, and VO2) without changing the pulmonary configuration status. This investigation was done with ARDS simulated patients using a validated NPS model. The study demonstrates that the external physiological factors induced a remarkable variation in comparing to oxygen indices, and the use of each index depends on the type of the external physiological factors. However, we conclude that clinicians should be aware of using the best index according to patient’s status. Accordingly,

The study showed that there was no statistical significant change in VO2max levels. “VO2max levels had increased by 6.5% in the control group, 12% in the moderate intervention group, 17.3 % in the combined intervention group, and 21.3 % in the high exercise intervention group” (Masley et al., 2009). The independent t-test showed the comparison between the control group and the high exercise group was rather significant, with a p value of 0.53. Also, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient compared the change from the control, to the moderate, to the high exercise groups, with a coefficient of 0.23 and a VO2 max p value of 0.06.

Exercises 2 & 3: Pulmonary Function Tests: Compare the respiratory parameters between normal and simulated obstruction. Recall, we simulated an obstructive pulmonary disorder by covering the tube with duct tape and cutting an opening in it about the size of a pen’s diameter. Using the Horizontal Compression controls and the scroll bar, display the data for both normal pulmonary function tests (Exercise 2) and the simulated restricted airway (Exercise 3) for inclusion in your report.

This study was conducted to test whether or not lung capacity and breath holding time are positively correlated. After performing a simple study to test these two factors, it was found that they are in fact not correlated at all. Both lung capacity and breath holding time have many different influencing factors that make them uncorrelated to each other.

The trial conducted by the University examining a drug’s effect on individual’s speaking habits was conducted in the form of an experimental study. The researchers chose to create two groups to participate: a treatment group that received the drug and a control group that was given a placebo. Based on how the treatment group responded to the drug compared to the control group without the drug, researchers could state that the drug led to improved speech. This structure of study differs from a correlational study where there are no variables being manipulated, and the intent is to find a correlation between two measured variables. In addition, an experimental study can lead researchers to determine a relationship between the independent and

The experiment involves test subjects with different heights blowing into same elasticity balloons in one breath to discover if there are any correlations between human’s vital capacity and height. This experiment is categorized as biology as vital capacity is due to lungs and lungs are organs in a human body. Vital capacity is the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible. The vital capacity is about 4,800 mL (4.8L) for an average human, which is the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling. The vital capacity is= approximately 80 percent of total lung capacity. = Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume The total lung capacity (TLC) is the volume of air contained in the lungs after maximal inspiration plus residual volume and for an average male is around 6000ml (6L). To remain a fair test, many factors could affect one’s vital capacity. Pregnancy for woman would decreases her vital capacity as during pregnancy the diaphragm is compressed by the uterus, which decreases total lung capacity. Pulmonary diseases such as asthma, Bronchitis, Common Cold, Lung cancer and other diseases can also affect vital capacity. Asthma restricts the airway allowing less air to pass through to their lungs which unable their lungs to stretch as much. Previous researches has shown woodwind and digeridoo players have larger lung capacity due to their experience and