Observation Of 2: 30h-Four Stages Of Sleep

Dr. James McKenna of Notre Dame University’s Mother Baby Sleep Laboratory said “the bodies of women and their babies are more in sync when they sleep together, which helps the baby sleep better. Babies are designed to feel the presence of their parents. It is only a very recent and very strange cultural innovation that babies would be sleeping apart from their mothers. It is very much a departure from the normal human pattern.” (McKenna, et al., 1994)

New born babies can spend up to 50% of their day sleeping, doctors believe that it provides the brain with a work out that offers much stimulation to infants. This sleep time is crucial for a proper brain development. It also provides the body with much needed relaxation and recuperation. Research shows that having shorter sleep durations can be associated with lower cognitive performance, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and impaired neurological development.

The neonatal or special care nursery environment is one of variable but constant movement, light and noise. Such an environment is not conducive to the entrainment of good sleep habits. Discuss the impact this environment has on preterm infants in terms of their neuropsychological development and sleep patterns. Consider the longer term implications, and the measures that can be taken to minimise or overcome these.

Goldberg, W. A., & Keller, M. A. (2007). Co-sleeping during infancy and early childhood: key findings and

Every living being need to sleep. Sleeping is an important part of our daily life. Sleep has been connected with wellbeing of human body. Adequate amount of sleep is important especially in children. It is because sleep is in fact the primary activity of brain development in preschooler and it directly impacts mental and physical development. Several studies has been performed to study the consequence of sleep disorder or sleep problem. Preschooler should get proper sleep because lack of sleep can leads to various problem such as ADHD, obesity and may impact Executive Function.

Babies have different sleep patterns as they grow and age. At first, it may seem that your new baby is sleeping all the time. This is because newborns are only awake a few hours every day.

It is relatively general knowledge that infants tend to sleep much more than the average child, adult, or adolescent. My virtual child, Margo, in between three and eight months, was sleeping six hours out of the night, and taking a few two-hour naps during the day, consistently sleeping about 12 hours per day (My Virtual Child, 2014). The average amount of sleep that an infant will get on any given night is anywhere in between ten to twenty-one hours per day (Santrock, 2016). Based on this knowledge, it can be concluded that Margo’s sleeping habits are not necessarily abnormal for her age. Margo was also strictly breastfed. In the study Infant Sleep Development from 3 to 6 Months Postpartum: Links with Maternal Sleep and Paternal Involvement, it was stated that there was correlation between infants that were strictly breastfed at

This paper explores five different sources on the changes in sleep over the adults' lifespan. There are multiple explanations as to the changes in sleep from infancy to the older adult, and through a series of conducted experiments a further explanation is given. Judd (2010) explores pediatric sleep issues that impact children from infancy to teen years. Following Judd's claims, Wrzus, Wagner, and Riediger (2014) correlate night-to-night sleep variations and the affective well-being among adolescents and adults. Wilckens, Woo, Kirk, Erickson, and Wheeler (2014) study the importance of sleep in young adults through multiple cognitive tasks. Millman (2012) points out that at a later age, sleep becomes fragmented due to drop in slow wave sleep. To sum it up, English (n.d.) summarizes the sleep changes throughout life. Therefore, this research focuses on the different changes within the adults' sleep stages.

A sleep disorder is a concerning illness for parents of infants and toddlers. According to research, most sleep disorders emerge in the first years of life. A sleep disorder is determined when sleep patterns do not match the average number of nocturnal sleep, daytime sleep and duration of nocturnal awakenings. Characteristics of a sleep problem include sleep latency longer than 30 minutes, disturbances in nighttime awakenings, and need of parental presence when put to bed (E. Fazzi et al., 2006).

According to (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012, p. 121), there are four stages of sleep; the first four are called non-REM state then the last and final state is called REM )Rapid Eye Movement). When the sleep cycle starts it lasts an average of 1-2 hours; the first sleep cycle has relatively short REM sleep followed by a long period of deep sleep. Later in the sleep cycle REM period lengthen and deep sleep time decreases. Even though cats tend to sleep longer than human its shows that they have slept similar patterns as humans, including sleep phases of REM stage. When human enter REM stage, breathing becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow; the eyes start to move rapidly back and forth. In this stage, the limb muscles become temporarily paralyzed.

The article focuses on toddlers and their napping process. A study was done to determine the difference in sleep and the circadian timing system. A study was done on napping and non-napping toddlers to see if the circadian phase were different. However, the study’s results states that children who napped during the day had trouble sleeping during the night. Therefore, the children who didn’t receive a nap, slept through the night. However, this article can be used to explain how the transitions from naps in preschool could affect a rising

My proposal for a research study would be to observe and understand what effects, if any, sleep or a lack thereof have on general day-to-day interpersonal social communication and other interactions between people. A large sample would be surveyed and shadowed for a short time by the five researchers in charge of the project in an effort to dichotomise the group into those who are generally negative, hostile, or unfriendly, and a group of those who are generally positive, amicable, or friendly. How each group is assessed generally and dichotomized, their general social “flavour,” is the dependent variable. How each of the five evaluates each person in the large sample would be compared, and only the twelve with the most consistent evaluations

stages, corresponding to increasing sleep depth . Stage 2 sleep corresponds to light sleep and is characterized by K complexes and sleep spindles. While sleep deepens, the amount of slow oscillations increases leading to stages 3 and 4 sleep, or slow wave sleep (SWS). In carnivores such as cats or dogs, NREM is subdivided into light and deep SWS; and in rats or mice only one NREM stage is usually defined. This categorization of sleep stages is however somehow arbitrary. All through the night, the NREM and REM sleep periods alternate following an ultradian cycle, SWS invariably preceding REM sleep in healthy subjects. In humans, the ultradian cycle is about 90±100 min, but it is important to note that SWS is most abundant during the first half of the night (up to 80% of the sleep time), while in the second half of the night, the proportion of REM

 There are five stages of sleep, REM and NREM stages 1, 2, 3, & 4.

A typical night’s sleep is much more complicated than just closing your eyes and waking in the morning. As humans, we live our life on a circadian rhythm. This means that changes occur roughly based upon a 24-hour basis. This circadian rhythm plays a major role in when we get tired and decide it’s time to sleep. This rhythm is theorized to have helped us stay safe thousands of years ago. We would fall asleep during the time that their seemed to be threats roaming around in the dark. to Once we finally get to sleep, our brains and bodies are doing much more than laying in complete stillness. There are five distinct stages of sleep that we experience as we sleep. Each is uniquely different and serves a purpose throughout the night. The first stage of sleep is a very light sleep that lasts for 5 to 10 minutes. During this stage of sleep, you may not even realize that you’re sleeping. While in this stage of sleep our brains power down by 50 percent and produce theta waves four to seven times per second. We proceed to stage two after this. During stage two, our brains power down