Observational Approach To Case Control Essay

A case study involves in-depth research and documentation of one person or more than one person. Researchers gain a large insight into the case when it’s not as many people compared to surveys, which is one of its strengths. The advantages of a case study are a deeper understanding of the patient, and the researcher doesn’t ‘t have to do anything against his or her ethics. The disadvantages of a case study are time consumption, and it’s hard to generalize since case studies are usually unique cases unlike anything else. Case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations are all descriptive research methods, since they cannot make predictions or determine causality.

Observational study design examined on the basis of exposure and health outcome. The exposure of interest is the factor that either causes, Prevents, or treats the outcome. It is important to consider whether the exposure was accurately defined and measured because exposure misclassification stems from broad definitions and inaccurate measurements. (Aschengrau & Seage, 2008). According to Munnoch et al. (2008), study conducted to investigate the S.Saintapaul infection

In this case study, Miguel clearly shows difficulties in reading. The difficulties stated include: recognizing alphabet letters (alphabetic awareness), matching sounds to letters (letter-sound correspondence), telling sounds apart (sounding out), starting/ending sounds (sounding out), and remembering words quickly (sight word reading) (Meet Miguel, n.d.). In order to address these difficulties, the authors would approach this problem in a two pronged manner: 1) immediate bridge methods for learning, and 2) RTI approach.

A group at risk refers to a population exposed to a risk or has a risk factor that is common to the people or poses a great threat to their health. A good example includes a group of people who are at a risk for a cardiovascular disease which includes adults who are overweight and hypersensitive. A population at risk has a homogeneously level of exposure that is high in relation to a single risk factor (Pearson, et al, 2015). All people in this group are potential developers to adverse health conditions, especially when they are exposed to risk factors. An example includes risk factors associated with lifestyles as smoking that places smokers at a higher risk of developing lung cancer.

The case study chosen is about Sean which comes from chapter 7 in the Crisis Intervention Case Book. Sean is a 19 year old sophomore who is currently on disciplinary probation for getting in a fight during freshman year and breaking the other students jaw. Sean admits to drinking and also smoking marijuana since high school and occasionally on campus. Currently Sean was brought to the emergency room by a friend after passing out on the lawn at a beer party. His friend had seen that Sean vomited all over himself and would not wake up. His friend then called 911 and an ambulance came. At the emergency room Sean’s stomach was pumped and a blood

What I understand of case management is that it helps Social Workers in helping their clients, meaning social workers take actions to manage the various aspects of cases they are working on. Case management is also a shared process of assessment, planning, facilitation and advocacy for decisions and services to meet an individual’s need through communication and available resources. Case management examines the person’s physical, emotional, environmental state, and promotes quality and cost-effective outcomes. In addition, in Case management the worker helps to empower the clients to become self-sufficient. Moreover, Case management is structure into six principles

There are three common types of epidemiology: social, descriptive, and analytical. Social is the division of epidemiology that investigates the social distribution and social factors of health and disease. Descriptive describes the distribution of disease death and other health outcomes in the population according to person, place, and time. Giving a representation of how things are or have been the who, when, where of disease patterns. Analytical looks for the causes of the patterns viewed the how and why. The descriptive and analytical studies are observational, which means the researcher observes occurrences as they are or have been and does not obstruct to change anything or initiate a new factor.

Evaluating the association of a rare disease (Anderson Quillan Syndrome) and its multiple exposures, various study design could be utilised. Upon initial analysis, an experimental RCT would seem the most accurate and effective in temporal causal determination, but there are ethical concerns as subjects could be knowingly subjected to harmful exposures. Alternatively, cohort studies measure events in temporal sequence by incidence rates, but with limitations. Limitations include subject selection and loss to follow up biases, time (longer subjects follow up), increased resources required (larger samples, costs) and

Observational epidemiology is a study of disease where “the investigator ascertains exposure and outcome without assignment to an intervention” Observational studies have made important contributions to the knowledge and understanding of health-related conditions. These studies usually involve a large group of individuals as in a community. The purpose of this type of study is to determine the

This was an analytic, case-control study. Some characteristics that make this a case control study is the fact that they compare a sample of people with

In case-control study compares individuals who have a disease with individuals who do not have the disease in order to examine differences in exposures or risk factors for the diseases. A case-control study is the most common epidemiologic study. This study has been seen on the majority of movies and TV shows dealing with disease outbreaks and zombies. Just like on the big screen the case-control has a group of infected people compared to those that have not contracted the disease yet. This group of uninfected people would be considered the control. The scientist studies seem to figure out a solution to the disease. Ending the drastic zombie apocalypse. Another great example of a case-control study was done with the vaccinations created for diseases such as influenza and smallpox. To test each vaccination a group of person has issued the vaccination and watched to see if they came down with the illness. Lastly, we have ecologic studies. There are two major types of ecological studies comparison and trend study. While each ecologic study assesses a correlation, they both have a particular specialty. Ecologic comparison studies look over a disease in a particular group over the same time period; whereas ecological trend studies change in a disease over the same community. In ecological studies, the unit of observation is the population or community. Disease rates and exposures are measured in each of a series of populations and their relation is examined. Often the information about disease and exposure is abstracted from published statistics and therefore does not require expensive or time-consuming data collection. The populations compared may be defined in various ways making ecologic studies ideal for most studies in

The case-control study is useful in studying rare disease and diseases having long induction and latency period. The case-control study is less expensive. However, there are chances of recall bias which can affect the effect estimation in cases and control groups.

Observational research is type of correlational (i.e., nonexperimental) research in which a researcher observes ongoing behavior. There are a variety of types of observational research, each of which has both strengths and weaknesses. These types are organized below by the extent to which an experimenter intrudes upon or controls the environment.

In case study research, an investigator studies an individual or small group of individuals with an unusual condition or situation. Case studies are typically clinical in scope. The investigator (often a clinical sociologist) sometimes uses self‐report measures to acquire quantifiable data on the subject. A comprehensive case study, including a long‐term follow‐up, can last months or years.

A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non-interventional that is ‘observational’ where a researcher just observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non-interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be