Observational Prospective Cohort Studies

For the purpose of this study, a retrospective cohort design will be implemented in the form of longitudinal study. Retrospective cohort studies are a type of observational study. It utilises a retrospective cohort methodological approach. Retrospective cohort studies use data that have already been collected for studies with similar

The continuous aging of the human body combined with the stress of physical activities create a repeated stress on the joints of our bodies that carry the potential risk of developing osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis that is the worsening of the joints occurring particularly in the hands, knees, and hip. Osteoarthritis occurs primarily with elderly individuals who have severely worsened their joints leading to disability. When studying joint deterioration “radiographic signs of OA include joint space narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation” (Bennell, Poquet, Williams, 2016, P. 1689). These signs prove detrimental for some individuals who begin to suffer severe pain leading to the inability of performing simple tasks such as writing and/or walking. Hip disabilities are especially common as a result of osteoarthritis, leaving individuals with several choices of treatment. Whether it’s physical therapy, exercise, or taking medicine, these options might not prove helpful depending on the severity of the hip joint. In this essay, I will be comparing minimally invasive hip replacement to traditional hip replacement to determine why someone need’s a hip replacement procedure, which option more favorable, and the physical therapy following post-replacement.

For this study, data was obtained from two databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE. For a study to be selected for this article it had to have a before-after design and the patients included had to have primary THA for osteoarthritis. Two reviewers

The test population was a community subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee who needed a unilateral total knee replacement. Test subjects were recruited and divided into two groups; a control group, and a prehabilitation/exercise group. The control group were dealt with the usual care preparation prior to their operation while the prehabilitation group were given an exercise programme and these exercises were performed under supervision. The exercises were performed three times a week and included resistance training, flexibility, and step training.

This study provides important insights into the pressure ulcer prevention knowledge translation best practices at The Northern Hospital (TNH). Recommended guidelines to understand whether it was effective in decreasing prevalence of pressure ulcer while patients staying in hospital has been studied and examined for daily patient care at TNH.

UKA is known to have significant advantages over both HTO and TKA11 for patients with isolated osteoarthritis of a single compartment of the knee. However, some authors had reported high rate of conversion to TKA in UKA patients12. Progression of osteoarthritis13 had been identified as a primary mode of failure along other reasons such as polyethylene wear and loosening of components14. Therefore, careful patient selection such as avoiding surgery in obese patients had been accounted to safeguard the success of UKA surgery. However in recent years, obesity had been a controversial issue for patients undergoing UKA surgery. As most populations worldwide are suffering from the pandemic of obesity, various studies had been conducted to evaluate

Physical fitness is a precise terminology that is attributed to the highest level of health, under which the individual is able to exhibit the best performance in every physical aspect of daily life activities, without experiencing intense fatigue. Contrary to popular belief, physical fitness is not only limited to the physical appearance of the individual, but it essentially refers to the nutritional balance that is maintained within the body composition and the strength that exists within the muscles. Therefore, it is evident from the researches that to acquire a physically fit body, it is necessary to eat well, that is, a good diet that includes enough portions of all the required nutrition, and to keep the body physically active, so that

There are problems that start occurring over time, but do not show up at the beginning. In a hip replacement, a patient’s artificial hip may begin to loosen over time. This doesn’t occur as much anymore due to the advancements of technology, but overtime people’s artificial hip would slowly detach and cause a lot of pain (“Hip”). In addition, patients are not able to perform high impact sports because wear and tear can happen (“Total”). On the other hand, those who undergo hip arthroscopies usually do not have to make changes to daily life, but that is all based on the damage present (Byrd).There are certain rare cases in which people have had to quit high impact sports or activities, but usually 85-90% of patients can play sports and return to daily life at the same level they did previously (Coleman). This proves that there is a variety of long term outcomes depending on the case, surgery, and person. All of the information the patient receives from the surgeon will let them take the most appropriate decision based on what they want their future to be

Purpose. To determine how much EPT is being utilized in a Family Planning Clinic and its effect on chlamydia re-infection rates (Kerns et al., 2011).

On the other hand, the sooner the orthopedic lesions, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are stabilized or cured, the better the surgical results. Recent reports have been more liberal in the indications for surgery (younger patients, with smaller BMIs) using the same parameters as in adults (BMI >40 or BMI >35 with co-morbidities) (Yitzhak et al., 2006).

Every study has its advantages and disadvantages. Several types of studies cohort studies are studies where the subjects are followed to see who develops the outcome of interest. Cross sectional studies Case Control Studies is split into two groups one group that has the outcome of interest and one group that doesn’t have the outcome. Everything is kept the same except for the outcome being researched which is great advantage. A disadvantage is that the study forces the patients’ to look back in time and remember what they did and did not do. Advantages of these studies overall are that they are large enough to generalize them to the public; you are able to track several dietary behaviors at once. With cohort studies the disadvantage is that

In addition, the computer-generated assignment and a variable-block randomisation method were also used. Although there is no specific mention of similarity of baseline among groups, in table 1, the 95% confidence intervals of subjects’ characteristics was no significant differences. Moreover, all subjects and staff involved in data interpretation were blinded although there were no specific comments of concealment of allocation. Unfortunately, therapists administered the intervention were not blinded. Although the average of completed follow-up rates was 80 % which was not statistically satisfying, considering the long-term period of intervention (18 months), the result of the rate seemed to be acceptable. Also, the average of drop-out rates on 6 months was only 13% and this was a persuasive rate when analysing the interval validity. Lastly, the outcome measures were clearly mentioned in the section of the Patients and Methods. Especially, the validity and procedures of primary measure, which was Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), were systemically described. The results of among four groups are also statistically compared. Therefore, this study seems to offer moderate to strong validity of evidence based on the well-organised design

Subgroup analyses will be conducted in the following way. In order to control for heterogeneity, studies will be stratified by age and gender. If possible, studies will be stratified by ethnicity and demographic features. If possible, Studies will be stratified by fracture positions. If appropriate, studies will be stratified by quality scores based on questionnaires used for assessing risk of bias.

Conclusions: The knees with higher pre-op PTS tend to have higher MDA and vice-versa. Although most surgeons are able to achieve the desired PTS at the higher extreme of the widely accepted range of 0-7 degrees , patients with MDA above 19 degree tend to have post-op PTS significantly higher than the desired range making them vulnerable to complications. Hence , necessary modifications (like pre-operative templating, intra-operative extramedullary zig angle setting, using intra-medullary zigs etc ) shall be done in the current protocols to achieve desired PTS in patients with knees having MDA in the higher

This Observational cross-sectional study was performed on 76 asthmatic children with age between 8 and 15 years old who referred to the Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children Medical Center, Tehran/Iran during 2012-2013. The recruited patients were selected by consecutive sampling method. FENO was measured with a portable electrochemical analyzer and forced spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society. The ACT questionnaire was used and completed for all the patients.