Obstetrical Forceps In The Early 1500s

In “The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class”, Standing defines what a precariat is. He says it is an emerging class, comprising the rapidly growing number of people facing lives of insecurity, moving in and out of jobs that give little meaning to their lives. The precariat is not an underclass. He described it as a “class in the making, rather than a class in itself” (p.vii). “The precariat is in the front ranks, but it has yet to find the voice to bring its agenda to the fore. It is not ‘the squeezed middle’ or an ‘underclass’ or ‘the lower working class’. It has a distinctive bundle of insecurities and will have an equally distinctive set of demands”(p.vii). Through Standing’s book, he argues that precariat class is producing instabilities in society. Although it would be wrong to characterize members of the precariat as victims, many go through the four A’s as Standing mentioned, which are anger, anomie, anxiety, and alienation. The precariat is dangerous because it is internally divided, leading to the stigmatizing of migrants and other vulnerable groups. In this essay, the precariat lacks the main assets of the production and distribution system of the time because of the struggle for the redistribution of the key assets needed for a good life from education and employment. Also, they need to move beyond the primitive rebel stage and become enough of a class¬ for itself to be a power for change and get their rights as a class in the making.

Abortion is the process of intentionally ending a pregnancy. Abortion touches the hearts of many because its consequences result in the loss of a human life. Its controversy stems from the fact that people’s opinions on this matter are rooted in their value systems, religious beliefs, and political socialization. Its prominence in political discussions today is likely to continue given the relationship between unwanted pregnancies and overpopulation. There is often debate about the constitutionality of abortion, as it is not specifically addressed by any doctrine. As a result, there has never been an explicit national law enacted.

Mother Behind Bars examines a lot of inadequate policies and procedures that these states have in place for federal and state correctional facilities. This report card bring up the issue on prenatal care, shackling, prison nurseries, and family based treatment as an alternative to incarceration however in this paper I will focus on the restraints on these pregnant inmates. New Jersey received a grade of D for shackling policies. Besides New Jersey thirty-seven other states obtain a D/F for their failure to comprehensively limit, or limit at all, the use of restraints on pregnant women transportation, labor, delivery, and postpartum recuperation (National Women’s Law Center, 2010). The use of restraints can compromise the health and safety of the women and the unborn child. Shackling pregnant women is dangerous and inhumane; women prisoners are still routinely shackled during pregnancy and childbirth. The reason these women are shackled is for safety and security, despite the fact that shackling pregnant women is degrading, unnecessary and a violation of human rights some state still condone this practice.

Robin Yates’s paper, “Pregnancy and Childbirth, The 1800’s vs. Now: What to Expect When You’re Not Expecting,” was filled with many clear points on the advancement of labor and medicine since the 1800s. This essay was filled with interesting and grabbing facts; however, the structure of the essay needs more support.

“In the United States, 15 states have laws that fail to protect women with disabilities from involuntary sterilization” (Against her will). Sterilization of disabled women in the United States should not be allowed. It denies disabled women the rights of having children. It is sexist to force women to get sterilized but men do not have to get sterilized. Women should have the right to have children, no matter if they have a disability or if something is wrong with her. The United States has used forced sterilization along with other countries in North and South America, along with places such as Asia and Africa.

Some things are hard to achieve and sometimes they are somewhat wrong, which takes time to get to the main point. In past decades there have been many controversial issues on equal rights and freedoms etc. Abortion rights are one of the issue that has been around since 1800’s. It came to public’s eye after many deaths among women occurred caused by complication and illegal abortion. Decline in birth rates in late 1800’s was also the reason to ban abortion. By the end of 19th century in 1967 abortion was illegal in all U.S. States. It was considered a crime. Still many people were and are against abortion because thinking that abortion is taking away life of baby and is equal to committing murder. Some people are with abortion because

It is easy to see that the medical abilities and tools we had 50 years ago are nothing in comparison to what we have today. Among these advances has been the extent to which we can prevent illness and disability. Fetal surgery first emerged in the 1980’s by Dr Michael Harrison aka “the father of fetal surgery,” when he decided to look into ways doctors could fix certain defects before birth to avoid their inevitable, devastating consequences. It has since expanded its practice to a number of hospitals across the country, although it is still an uncommon procedure. It involves opening up the mother 's uterus (just as a doctor would during a caesarean section) so that the fetus is exposed as much as needed to be operated on. The fetus is then put back and the uterus is closed until it is time for the mother to go into labor. The fetus is never detached from the mother and is essentially being operated on while inside the womb (Smajdor). While it may seem like a positive life changing procedure, there are many perspectives out there that support

Some things are hard to achieve and sometimes they are somewhat wrong, which takes time to get to the main point. In past decades there have been many controversial issues of equal rights and freedoms etc. Abortion rights issue has been a global political issue.

Most Americans associate hospitals to be the standard place where women can give birth. However, women did not always deliver in hospitals. Gynecology, the medical practice dealing with the female reproductive system, did not emerge until the early nineteenth century. Before doctors came along, women used to hire midwives to deliver babies in the comfort of their own homes. In this paper I will examine the social, political, and scientific implications of how giving birth has transitioned from being a midwife’s job into that of a doctor’s. Furthermore, I will attempt to show how these implications intersect together to make birth a feminist issue. To support my argument, I will be referencing Tina Cassidy’s “The Dawn of the Doctors,” Abby Epstein’s documentary film The Business of Being Born, and Eesha Pandit’s article “America’s secret history of forced sterilization: Remembering a disturbing and not-so-distant past.” I argue that the processes surrounding birth are intersectional feminist issues because they are often manipulated by male figures pursuing money and authority, which ultimately compromises women’s health and power of choice.

Does everybody think or feels the same about childbirth around the world? This question above is a question that has always been in my mind. Now that I got the opportunity of choosing a topic to do research. I decided to choose childbirth and culture. This research paper is going to talk about how different cultures and countries look a birth in an entirely different manner. Some look at birth as a battle and others as a struggle. And on some occasions, the pregnant mother could be known as unclean or in other places where the placenta is belief to be a guardian angel. These beliefs could be strange for us but for the culture in which this is being practiced is natural and a tradition. I am going to be introducing natural and c-section childbirth. And, the place of childbirth is going to be a topic in this essay. America is one country included in this research paper.

It was also used to pry people’s mouths open when suffering from lockjaw (Harris, “13 Creepy Old School Dental Instruments.”). Surgical tools that were used in the time period included: the oral speculum, amputation saw, arrow remover, and the bullet extractor. The oral speculum was used to open bodies for medical procedures or examination. The amputation saw was used to amputate different parts of the body, it was a breeding ground for many germs because of the intricate crevices on the saw. The arrow remover was inserted into a wound in a certain position with the central shaft used to grasp the arrow.

Abortion is simply the killing of a baby’s heartbeat. It is legal in all fifty states. Abortion has been legal since 1973 according to the fourteenth amendment. Although many people agree that this topic of discussion can wait, it is very important to me and other men and women in America. Abortion is simply something that may never go away. Hillary Clinton agrees that abortion should be legal. She stated that, “There are two types of experts when it comes to women’s health: women and their doctors. Abortion is something that not all women have control over. Abortion can be brought on by many of reasons. Many people seek abortion as a way out. The concept of abortion has changed over time. There is actually something called a partial birth

The idea of childbirth has been viewed in three peculiar ways: a social natural occurrence, as a passage to an early death, and in present times a medical procedure needed when having children. In the seventieth and eighteenth century childbirth was seen as a social celebration conducted by midwives, while in the nineteenth century fear of death arose due to an increase of maternal mortality rates. This time period also served as a transition time between the elimination of the midwife and the emergence of the physician. The transition was due to attitude changes and knowledge understanding. During the twentieth century, medical knowledge expanded and thus the idea of childbirth was medicalized into a medical procedure needed to have healthy children. Childbirth once seen as a natural phenomenon was now an event that needed medical attention by health facilitators at institutions of health. The ideas around childbirth developed based on the knowledge, cultural setting, mortality rates, and professionals available at the time. Based on these ideas it is easy to see how social and behavioral aspects influenced childbirth throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, ninetieth and twentieth centuries. In addition, the communities’ views on childbirth were influenced by the development of public health infrastructure, public health policy advancement and how well public officials were able to disseminate information.

273). Another highly acclaimed surgical instrument developed during the Roman Age was the forcep. The forceps were constructed by bending two pieces of steel in order to create a “grappling” mechanism. The Romans commonly used forceps to conduct various types of oral surgery such as removal of the uvula and tonsils. Additionally, due to the length and slimness of the instrument, physicians and surgeons were able to readily use forceps to compress arteries in order to reduce bleeding when conducting strenuous medical procedures (Milne 2012 p. 100).

The nurse must be mindful of each intervention initiated and the possible benefits of the intervention against its potential harmful effects for both mother and fetus. Not providing basic comfort measures for the mother can cause serious physical and emotional problems and could lead to possible fatigue and feelings of failure from the mother. The priority of this nursing intervention is to provide the mother and fetus with the least discomfort as possible and