Obstructive Sleep Apnea Analysis

Sleep apnea appears in about 25 percent of men and almost 10 percent of women. This sleep disorder can affect people of all ages, including little babies, young children and especially people over the age of fifty and people that are overweight. There are specific physical traits and clinical features that are similar in patients with obstructive sleep apnea including a large neck, obesity, and essential irregularities that reduce the diameter of the upper airway, such as nasal blockage, a low-hanging soft palate, inflated tonsils, or a small jaw with an overbite (ClevelandClinic.org,

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is characterized by obesity, hypercapnia, and respiratory issues while asleep that occurs in the absence of any other pathology that could cause respiratory failure (Castillejo et al., 2015, p. 63). It is usually defined as an awake PaCO2 of greater than 45mmHg and a body mass index of greater than 30kg (Piper, 2015, p. 9). This is a life threatening disorder that can lead to death if not treated properly and aggressively. Treatments include CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), NIV (non-invasive ventilation), and lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is becoming more prevalent in our society due to the increased occurrence of morbid obesity. Obesity is recognized

Apnea is frightening for parents as breathing stops suddenly and a baby may become limp and blue. Breathing usually restarts after a few moments and gentle stimulation of a baby, stroking their face or moving them slightly, can encourage a quick recovery unless the child is otherwise ill with pneumonia or heart failure. Before a baby leaves the hospital, discuss with the medical team if you wish to monitor your baby’s breathing with a pulse oximeter or apnea monitor. Monitoring your baby might be a wise precaution and you can request information about resuscitation techniques if your child does not breathe after stimulation. Some parents might choose to complete a CPR course before leaving the hospital.

Thank you very much for referring Neil along for further investigation of likely obstructive sleep apnoea. As you are aware, his wife who I work with at Warringal has been noticing witnessed apnoeas for many years now and has talked Neil into coming along today. Neil in himself sleeps reasonably well and is currently going to bed at around 10.00pm. He will awake between 2.00am and 4.00am and be awake for a short amount of time but will then fall back to sleep until about 7.30am or 8.00am. He wakes reasonably refreshed but of note does have some drowsiness in the afternoon. He will occasionally have an afternoon nap and quite regularly falls asleep on the couch at night. He has been retired for the last 18 months, but prior to that, he

Sleep apnea has many different possible causes. In adults, the most common cause of OSA is obesity, which is associated with soft tissue of the throat and mouth. With adults there are many other factors associated with the condition. In children, causes of obstructive sleep apnea often include enlarged tonsils or adenoids and dental conditions such as a large overbite. Some of the less common causes include a tumor or growth in the airway, and birth defects such as Down syndrome and Pierre-Robin syndrome (Jensen). No matter the age, if OSA goes untreated for too long it can lead to serious complications, including accidents, cardiovascular disease, premature death. If you are experiencing any signs and symptoms related to obstructive sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent but very frequently undiagnosed. OSA is an independent risk factor for depression and cognitive impairment/dementia. Herein we reviewed studies in the literature pertinent to the effects of OSA on the cerebral microvascular and neurovascular systems and present a model to describe the key pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie the associations, including hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Intermittent hypoxia plays a critical role in initiating and amplifying these pathological processes. Hypoperfusion and impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity lead to the development or progression of cerebral small vessel disease (C-SVD). Hypoxemia exacerbates these processes,

This study investigated the positive correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an increased rate of postoperative complications including (1) postoperative hypoxemia, (2) intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, and (3) prolonged length of hospital stay in noncardiac surgical patients. OSA patients commonly express cardiac disease, have an increased risk for postoperative morbidity, and OSA is considered an independent risk factor for patient mortality. This study is significant because there remains a substantial number of patients that arrive for surgery without preceding diagnosis, while there continues to be no standardized diagnostic tool readily available to diagnose OSA within the preoperative area. Kaw et al. demonstrates that there is a increase in many postoperative complications within this at risk patient population.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder where the patient suffers from a disturbed airflow during sleep due to partial or complete closure of the upper airway. Little is known about the flow pattern in the pharynx and its effects on OSA1. Phase-Contrast-MRI (PC-MRI) is an established technique to visualize and quantify fluid flow. PC-MRI has been previously used to study flow patterns in stenotic phantom2, hence it is used here to investigate flow patterns in the pharynx to understand OSA.

Many individuals may feel that snoring is an epidemic. This is both snorers and those trying desperately to sleep around them. Most everyone will suffer a sleepless night due to snoring at one point or another. In most situations it is not reoccurring and the solution is not complex. It could be that the individual stayed up late, consumed too much alcohol before bed, or simply has a cold.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), is a clinical condition escorted by frequent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to severe hypoxia. These episodes are interposed with reoxygenation, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH) (Morrell and Twigg 2006). OSA is now considered an important and ubiquitous health problem, due not only to its cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity, but also because of the prominent cognitive and behavioral implications of the disease. The neuropsychological impairments are accompanied by increased levels of systemic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in addition to gray matter loss in neural sites contributing to cognitive function (Beebe and Gozal 2002; Gozal et al.,

A good nights sleep is one of life's basic components. But how many of us get a restful night of sleep? And do you feel unrefreshed after waking up and daytime sleepiness, no matter how much time you spent in bed? Does your partner complain that you snore extremely loudly? The reason for these are that there're some sleep-related disorders that weaken the quality of life and sleep apnea is one such kind.

Thank you very much for referring Lance along for investigation of likely obstructive sleep apnoea. I certainly agree that he has a very high pre-test probability of obstructive sleep apnoea given his snoring and apnoeas witnessed by his wife and more recently by his brother when they were camping. He believes that he sleeps reasonably well, but wakes unrefreshed and has some sleepiness in passive situations, but not whilst driving. He had a septoplasty and tonsillectomy in the year 2000, but this was mainly for recurrent sinusitis and recurrent tonsillitis more so than snoring at the time.

CPAP increases the FRC by recruiting atelectatic alveoli resulting in increase in the surface area for gas exchange, thus improving oxygenation. At optimum FRC with CPAP, the locally vaso-constricted vessels due to under ventilation, opens up. These effects decreases intrapulmonary shunt and reduces PaCO2 levels.

Morbid obesity may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea and large neck circumference with difficult intubation (2)

Obesity is linked to many complications, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancers (eg, breast, gynecological, gastrointestinal), osteoarthritis, fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, hypogonadism, and depression. The risk of developing these complications increases