Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Research Paper

Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be a common form of sleep-disordered breathing and increase the overall risk of mortality by one and a half times in serious cases, many patients with OSA remain undiagnosed and unrecognized by healthcare professionals (Stuart et al, 2013). Depending on the source, up to approximately 10% of women and 25% of men have OSA, while the overall prevalence of OSA in the general population is between 3% and 7%. OSA is more common in individuals who are obese, older, male, African American or of Pacific Island descent, have a family history of OSA, or have a large neck size/small airway. Patients with OSA have been shown to have a higher incidence of significant systemic conditions such as hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, diabetes, and dementia. Some of the eye problems linked to OSA include glaucoma/other optic neuropathies, retinal vein occlusions, central serous retinopathy (CSR), papilledema/idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), and corneal disorders (i.e. keratoconus). This provides optometrists and ophthalmologists with a tremendous opportunity to play an important role in diagnosing and managing patients with OSA as well as improving their quality of life.

Heart issues: problems like congestive heart failure and fibrillation issues can contribute to sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major health problem, as more than 22 million adults in the U.S suffer from OSA.1 The prevalence of moderate to severe OSA in older adults aged 65 and over is twice as high as that in middle-aged adults.2 Unfortunately, estimates suggest that 85% of individuals with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed.3 Individuals with untreated moderate to severe OSA are at a greater risk for depression (DEP), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia compared to individuals with no OSA. In OSA, repetitive intracranial blood flow surges during apneic episodes cause disturbances in microvascular functions, resulting in hypoperfusion4-6 and poor cerebral vasomotor reactivity.7-9 Hypoxemia promotes the development of cerebral small vessel disease (C-SVD).10-13 Repeated rapid alternations between hypoxia and reoxygenation cause oxidative stress,14,15 which alters blood-brain barrier functions and leads to the formation of C-SVD.16-18 The consequences of C-SVD are 1) disruption of neuronal activity in regions involved in the regulation of mood and cognition 11,19,20 and 2) reduction of prefrontal and frontal lobe vascular perfusion,10,21-23 which causes neuronal metabolic deficiencies that may lead to synaptic loss and neuronal damage.24,25 The progression of C-SVD is now known to be associated with new-onset depression,26 MCI,27,28 and an increased risk for dementia.27,29,30 Based on this supporting evidence, we hypothesize that C-SVD may mediate

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, OSA, is a very highly widespread and underdiagnosed disease (Kerner & Roose, 2016). The ailment can affect the person and the people around the affected individual immensely. When one takes the time to diagnose a case of OSA it can be helped and treated. Many different factors should be taken into account when dealing with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, including the psychological perspective it falls under, the research methods used to investigate it, the positive and negative components of the condition, and the controversies associated with it.

Sleep apnea is a medical condition that should never be ignored. When a person suffers from this disorder, he or she repeatedly starts and stops breathing when they are sleeping, and this may occur hundreds of times each night. Sleep apnea comes in many forms, with the most common being obstructive sleep apnea. This type of apnea occurs when the muscles of the throat relax. A dentist may need to be seen to assist in the treatment of this condition, one which is often marked by drowsiness during the day and loud snoring at night. What do individuals need to know about this condition?

Do you get elbowed, and told to roll over in the middle of the night? Do you wake up in the morning exhausted? It’s possible that you could have a severe and potentially fatal disorder called Obstructive Sleep Apnea. OSA can affect anyone; from infants to adults, the healthy and physically fit, and the obese.

Sleep apnea can be a scary and misunderstood problem for many people. The team at Duffield Dentistry can help you get the answers you need to feel safe and secure. Below we have answered some of the questions we most commonly hear regarding sleep apnea and its treatment. If you still have questions or concerns after browsing this page, feel free to contact us. We will be happy to help you or your loved one get the care you need.

There is no consensus regarding the mechanism of manifestation of neurocognitive consequences associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their definite underlying process is unknown.1 However, there are some findings and theories about it. In OSA, there are different levels of hypoxia, which are associated with many factors such as obesity and severity of upper airway obstruction.1

Narcolepsy differs from obstructive sleep apnea due to the fact that it is a disorder that is experienced during the day instead of at night. According to the article “What is narcolepsy,” in the Consumer Health Complete Journal, narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that involves the brain disruption of wake-sleep cycles, and is considered a chronic sleep disorder (“What is narcolepsy?” 2010.). Almost every patient that is diagnosed with narcolepsy has EDS (excessive daytime sleepiness), where one inadvertently falls asleep at strange times such as during meals, driving or while simply talking. (“What is narcolepsy?” 2010.). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) might greatly effect an individual emotionally because the patient will often feel that they have no control over their own bodies. They might have no consistent routine of when it is expected to have normal waking and sleeping

Sleep apnea is a chronic disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. It leads to snoring, fatigue and interruptions of oxygen flowing through the body. The need for life insurance varies with age, responsibilities and your health. Life insurance policies become valuable financial resources for maintaining a standard of life. Policies are designed to provide a fixed amount of money according the policy terms and conditions to helping families avoid hardships. Life insurance policies can include the insurer’s ability to draw against the face value of the policy in the event of an illness. In the case of having sleep apnea, the insurer becomes the beneficiary of the policy value. There are also instances, where the policy also functions as a secondary health coverage, should the primarily carrier deny the medical claim.

According to Rosen (2014), a patient by the name of W, is an undocumented resident sophomore in high-school who suffers from obstructive sleep apnea. Due to his current illness W suffers from high blood pressure and is unable to concentrate in school and is often observed sleeping in class due to lack of night time sleep. A sleep study was conducted on W, which revealed that he stopped breathing an average of once every ninety seconds, which caused his oxygen level to decline and his carbon dioxide levels to increase.

Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause. In older adults, the gender gap narrows after women reach menopause. More than half of people with obstructive sleep apnea are either overweight or obese, which is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9 or 30.0 or above, respectively. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common form between both sleep apneas. OSA occurs when the upper airway collapse during sleep. Collapse of the upper airway may cause decreases in ventilation, but not complete cessation of it, with desaturation and arousal (hypopnea) and/or complete cessation of airflow for more than 10 seconds entitled apnea (Figure 1) 1. Common symptoms of OSA are frequent arousal, snoring, choking/gasping, daytime sleepiness, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood (hypercapnea), and a decrease of oxygen level in the body (hypoxia). As stated before, OSA is more common in men than in women. Other factors that influence OSA are those with an increased body mass index, thick neck/circumference, small erythematous oropharynx, position of body during sleep (most commonly the supine position), medication, alcohol, or pre-existing cardiac complications2. Usually, OSA is diagnosed by a sleep doctor monitoring the patient during a polysomnography (sleep study). Having a sleep study done is the gold standard diagnostic for assessing sleep-disordered breathing. There is monitoring of the airflow of the nose and mouth, end tidal CO2, the patient’s sleep state by electroencephalography, movement of the chest and abdomen, pulse oximetry, and blood pressure. “The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)—the number of obstructive events per hour—is the most commonly used measurement to quantify OSA: mild OSA = 5 to 15 events/hour; moderate = 15 to 30

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cognitive decline and depression. This is the first study explicitly evaluating the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on neurocognitive functions and changes in brain morphology in older adults with both depression and cognitive impairment. Under the mentorship of Dr. D.P Devanand, I prospectively screened OSA with the STOP-Bang questionnaire in patients enrolled into the Donepezil Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and Depression (DOTCODE) trial. High and low probability of OSA were defined as a STOP-Bang score of ≥5 (h-OSA) and of <5 (l-OSA), respectively. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate brain morphology. The initial 16 weeks of antidepressant treatment were part

A good nights sleep is one of life's basic components. But how many of us get a restful night of sleep? And do you feel unrefreshed after waking up and daytime sleepiness, no matter how much time you spent in bed? Does your partner complain that you snore extremely loudly? The reason for these are that there're some sleep-related disorders that weaken the quality of life and sleep apnea is one such kind.