Ocean Township, New Jersey

When Columbus came to the New World, people were already living there, just like how the Martians originally lived on Mars. The Martians had once “...built cities, named cities, climbed mountains, named mountains; sailed seas…” (Bradbury 481) and even named seas. Instead of Martians, they could be Vikings living in the new World. The “vikings were the first Europeans to reach the Americas, establishing a short-lived settlement…” (Waters), before Columbus. The voyagers came to a new home and so did the Bitterings. They both came onto a property that once belonged to someone else.

Before the Spanish ship that changed it all, which arrived in the “New World” in 1492, there was a vast population of native people who had lived on this land for centuries prior. That ship, skippered by Christopher Columbus, raised arguably one of the most influential turning points in Native American and European history. It sparked the fire of cultural diffusion in the New World which profoundly impacted the Native American peoples and the European settlers.

When the colonists began to arrive in America they were surprised to find that the land was already occupied by various Natives. Because the lives of 16th century Natives was very different from what

These nomads continued moving all the way to South America. By the time Europeans arrived in America, there were already at least forty to fifty million indigenous people inhabiting the land (Faber 4-5). Other explorers, from Norway, Greenland, and Iceland reached America centuries before Columbus (Faber ix). Although these people attempted to live in this new land, they didn’t stay long, and failed to create a lasting historical impact (Faber 20-26).

The start of The Ocean at the End of the Lane began with an older man about the age of forty he returned home to his homeland in Sussex, England for a funeral. He then decided that he would revise the location of the house he once lived in. He then remembers that there was a young girl, about the same age as his sister, named Lettie Hempstock. He also remembers the fact that Lettie would always tell him about the pond behind the house being an ocean and not a pond. With Lettie on his mind and him being in town for the funeral he decided that he would go and visit where Lettie grew up. She was a young girl at the time so she lived with her mother and her grandmother. As this man approaches the house, Lettie is no longer there but a family

The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and bloody one. For the time of Columbus’s subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has

Center Township is one the later communities making up Beaver County, history dates back to the earliest periods of the Ohio Valley. In 1774 all lands south of the Ohio River were claimed by Virginia and slowly through the Revolutionary War become part of Pennsylvania at individual times. Prior to colonial explorers, the native Indians of the area traveled the “Glade Path” a trail crossing the original township from north to south. Today we know that path as Brodhead road, named after the Commander of Fort McIntosh. Beaver County was formed March 12th, 1800 with three townships, Southside- Hanover, First Moon and Second Moon. In 1812, the area further broke into four townships, one of which was Moon the parent of today’s Center Township. On November 24th, 1914, Center Township, a sparsely populated area, separated from the heavily populated suburban section now known as Moon. This was the result of a dispute among Moon township residents in early 1914.

The  French and Indian War caused tensions with Britain and the thirteen American colonies.The British claimed the land along the east coast of North America (“Charles E”).There

No written history means much of Native American history is unknown, causing misconceptions and stereotypes about Native Americans to exist. Royal also discusses the name of this group that people label today as “Native Americans.” He questions, “ ‘America’ was a name formed in the wake of another Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci. It is difficult to see how being named after an Italian is less Eurocentric than being named after an East Native American” (Royal 46). The discussion about their name shows Europe’s influence on the Americas; it also shows that Native Americans yearn for their own identity without Europe’s input.

Before Europeans ever ventured to North America, the land had been populated by Native American nations that had their own distinct cultures and social structures. Native Americans had trade routes and established complex relationships between tribes. They were not merely heathens waiting to be civilized by the Europeans. Yet, Europeans would use those justifications to lay claim on their land.

New Jersey’s strategic location between New York and Pennsylvania is one of the reasons the state is called the Crossroads of the American Revolution. British and American forces realized that the quickest route from New York to Philadelphia and vice versa was through New Jersey. As a result, some of the most important battles of the war were fought within its borders (Lurie, 64). Another reason for the designation was New Jersey’s position along the primary north/south land route State of New Jersey (State of NJ Executive Order #48).

Indigenous people in the Americas or “Indians” as Christopher Columbus first named them on an exploration voyage in 1492, had their lives completely change almost immediately upon the arrival of European settlers. Settlement in the “New World” as

The Black Legend and White Legend: Relationship Between the Spanish and Indians in the New World

Foley Township is established in 1866. The Township is named after the Honourable Michael Hamilton Foley, an MP from Waterloo. He was born in Sligo, Ireland and brought to Canada at the age of two. In Simcoe and Brantford he worked as a journalist before being elected to Parliament representing Waterloo. He was known to be a very vigorous speaker. During the administration of Sir John A. Macdonald he was the Postmaster-General. The earliest settlers in Foley are William Wilcox, Thomas McGown, William McPhillmay and William Scott.

believied that they were alowed to occupy it by the grace of the "Great Spirit",