Octopus and Privacy: Business Ethics

• Even with open installment some type of Smart card is normal for kids, poor people and the individuals who would prefer not to uncover their credit and platinum cards to the framework.

The liberalization of the money related divisions in Asia has brought about the fast spread of charge card organizations and monetary organizations giving different sorts of purchaser credit. The charge card market in general world has extended radically that the guarantors of outside nations has presented cellular telephone Visas for the comfort of their customers.(Amin, 2008) This, combined with the passage of remote banks, has enormously expanded the quantity of credit cards accessible, and consequently such spending in Pakistan. Despite the fact that charge card was presented in Pakistan decades prior when Habib Bank, the biggest bank in Pakistan, dispatched its gold card, however individuals had scarcely think about this card in view of its extremely restricted issuance. Several years back, Master card was introduced by ABL (Allied Bank of Pakistan), but that also was not get good attention. In year 1994, VISA Card is introduced by Citibank, that give a better turning point to plastic money industry in Pakistan. The working of Citibank no doubt was amazing that open doors for new offerings for the people of our country as well as for financial industry

business of insurance. But the lack of uniformity, loop holes, blind spots and deficiencies within

On January 2014, Michaels an art and craft retailer and its subsidiary Aaron Brothers, revealed that costumer information database consist of payment card number and expiration date been compromised. Costumer using credit or debit card at Michaels in between May 8, 2013 to Jan 27, 2014 compromised 2.6 million cards and at Aaron Brothers in between June 26, 1013 to Feb 27, 2014 been compromised 400,000 cards. The company committed to work with other parties to improve security of payment card transaction for all consumers.

On April 27, 2014 Michael’s CEO Chuck Rubin reported that criminals used highly sophisticated malware to infect some of the point-of-sale (POS) systems resulting in the theft of card related information including payments numbers & expiration dates (Michaels, 2014). The term POS system is used to describe the technology used by consumers to provide their payment information in exchange for a good or service. The primary stakeholders for today’s POS systems are consumers, merchants, acquirer, card brand companies,

At this time people were able to research the different types of insurance policies and therefore get a better rate. According to Levitt and Dubner (2009), “It is common for one party to a transaction to have better information than another party” (p.64). Information asymmetries has greatly decreased because of the internet. Although because of the internet it is easily to see an informational crime happen. The principle of putting

In a highly competitive market space, being compliant with PCI standards will make our organization more acceptable in the market, and also help build trust and confidence in our operation among healthcare providers seeking our services. In a constantly evolving threat environment with increased levels of data breaches in recent times, ensuring PCI compliance even though not mandated will help attract customers and would be good return on investment. Along with BAA signed with our clients, being PCI compliant would also ensure extra layer of protection by following the practices suggested by leading payment card brands like Visa, Mastercard, etc. who are constantly looking out for new emerging threats in the industry, and are proactive in incorporating changes to PCI DSS standards to minimize the impact of these new threats. Though complying with standards like PCI doesn’t ensure security, they provide a structure around which organizations can build their information security and assurance program, thereby helping them anticipate and mitigate new risks in the area of storing payment card

1. Relate a real-world case study on the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) standard noncompliance and its implications.

When online commerce first emerged, many consumers were wary of supplying their credit cards and giving their personal information to online stores. This led to the development of websites such as Paypal, which restricts the access a retailer has to one’s credit card number (Einstein). The threat of fraud has always been a worry for online consumers, but consumers face the same threats when shopping in a brick and mortar store (Chadwick).

Plastic money is in vogue in today's economy. Paying for what you buy through your credit card is fashionable and convenient. But credit cards are growingly becoming a matter of immense concern thanks to the problem of card debt. The problem of credit card debt arises when consumers buy something swapping their card but are unable to repay the money to the card company within the stipulated time period.

‘’Founded in 1994 the EMV referred to Europay, MasterCard, and Visa, who together provided better card security.’’ (www.thebreif.com) Currently credit card fraud has been at an all time high in the years 2016 and 2017. This activity has skyrocketed since young teens and young adults have the idea of targeting adults and senior citizens, and using someone 's information to buy whatever the scammer desires. “The U.S. is responsible for 47% of the world’s fraud despite only accounting for 24% of total worldwide card volume.’’ (www.nasdaq.com) Credit card fraud has been a big problem, although through new security implementations such as chips and pin systems, the level of security associated with cards has improved. In the future credit card fraud may come to a stop, or at least slow down significantly. With this new security being implemented and new legislation laws credit card offenders may finally be brought to justice.

As a leading insurance company, Aetna’s primary market broadens to reach those who work full time or part time based on hourly wages through its subsidiary company, Strategic Resource Company (SRC) which was bought by Aetna, Inc in 2005 (SRC: Our Mission, 2012). Aetna’s fourth subdivision target market, which is considered the biggest subdivision, is providing insurance to “employers, third-party administrators, commercial insurance companies and other health plans (Aetna Subsidiaries, 2012)”. These latter targets are aimed at through Aetna’s fourth subsidiary Cofinity which includes over 2.5 million members as of 2009 (About Cofinity, 2009). Besides targeting health insurance consumers, Aetna aimed at a target market that excludes health insurance seekers yet includes health care providers. Through a fifth subsidiary, Medicity, Aetna created another target market subdivision where it can provide health information technology in health care facilities such as hospitals and practices (About Medicity, 2012). Finally, Aetna aims at acquiring shareholders and therefore targeted a market of

The provider must consider following questions including how much risk should be accepted, any fee schedule, stop loss provision of per diem payment, agreement time period, possibility to provider make amendments, early termination requirements and so on. Especially, those factors should be very carefully considered and discussed. Furthermore, the author strongly suggests that providers really have to be aware the costs in the agreement. How gross premium comes from and what is influence the cost. The difference between provider’s cost and insurance company’s pricing is the points that provider satisfactory financial statement level. The article concludes that the profit is the difference between revenue and the cost. Therefore, careful attention must be carried on both revenues management- the author emphasizes it as an environment (insurer’s pricing, health plan contract negotiation) and cost control. Moreover, he adds up importance of understanding of contract language and responsibilities, also all of the elements making up entire relationships are equally important for further

In today’s economy, cash or a credit card is needed to meet the basic human needs. It is an apparent fact that we need cash or credit cards to purchase items such as food, clothing, and to buy gas. Also, when you are out shopping and discover that you have used all the cash in your possession, it is then that you realize that the advantage of having a credit card. Furthermore, with cash, you are restricted to the amount in your wallet or purse; however, a credit card allows you to pay for your purchase at a later date. Both cash and credit cards can be useful when you manage them wisely. While cash and credit cards are similar in that they both are readily accessible, used for goods and services at the time of purchase, they are dissimilar because of theft, high- interest rates, identity theft.

The Hong Kong Octopus card market system share and per capita holdings are the most of the payment card system in the world. The system very mature and safety. Hong Kong people use it in every day and be confidence of the Octopus card system.