Of The Pattern Of Microbial Growth Of Staphchooccus Aureus Isolates

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or more commonly, MRSA, is an emerging infectious disease affecting many people worldwide. MRSA, in particular, is a very interesting disease because although many people can be carriers of it, it generally only affects those with a depressed immune system; this is why it is so prevalent in places like nursing homes and hospitals. It can be spread though surgeries, artificial joints, tubing, and skin-to-skin contact. Although there is not one specific treatment of this disease, there are ways to test what antibiotics work best and sometimes antibiotics aren’t even necessary.

Describe methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its implications for patients who are diagnosed with this.

Staph are common bacteria that are denizens of the human body. It is perfectly fine to carry staph; a lot of healthy people hold it within their bodies without being infected by it. Furthermore, one third of the population has staph bacteria in their noses. However, staph can rapidly become quite a problem if it manages to enter the body, usually through a cut, and cause an infection. Staph is one of the most popular causes of skin infections in the U.S. Most infections are minor, not fatal, and don’t require special treatment, but some can be disastrously life-threatening, creating festering wounds or pneumonia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, is a bacterium that is resistant to many available high- level beta-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, “antistaphylococcal” penicillins and cephalosporins. Staphyloccoci are the most important bacteria that cause disease in humans. MRSA is sometimes branded as a nosocomial infection as it usually plagues patients that are receiving treatment in a hospital. The skin is the most common site of infection, where MRSA can cause cellulitis, folliculitis, or boils in the skin, but can also commonly be found in the nose, underarm, groin, upper respiratory tract, intestine, vagina and rectal areas of the body. MRSA infections occur with there is a break in the skin that allows the Methicillin resistant

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug resistant pathogen abundant in healthcare settings and the second most common overall cause of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) (Jernigan & Kallan, 2010). The prevalence of MRSA is a significant problem found amongst many Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the United States (US); critically ill patients are at higher risk for hospital-acquired infections. Acquisition and infection of MRSA may significantly prolong duration of hospital stays, increase healthcare costs, and contribute to higher mortality rates. According to national data, MRSA accounts for nearly 70 percent of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from

Hospital settings have harbored a disease-causing organism called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) since the 1960s. However, hospitals aren’t the only settings at risk of a MRSA outbreak. In recent years’ healthy communities have seen a genetically distinct strain of MRSA, called community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Although this organism has been less resistant to antibiotics, it is more virulent and capable of causing illnesses (Alex & Letizia, 2007). The community should be aware of the risk factors for this infection and understand its signs, symptoms, and management.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus also referred to as MRSA is a type bacterium that becomes immune to many antibiotics used to treat even the most common infection. MRSA has become an issue in hospitals around the globe as it is known to constanly change over time. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) usually occurs in day care home, hospitals and other related health care facilities. It was reported that in 2005 the majority of all infection related cases came from an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, resulting in a high rate of death (Tacconelli, et al 2007). In 1961 (Enright, et al 2002) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) was first discovered in the United Kingdom and later made its way to Asia and after to the United States.

MRSA stands for Methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is a bacteria that is very hard to treat that infections in animals’ and humans body. MRSA was initially reported in 1961 when a researcher found it and the first case was in 1968. It's impervious to a gathering of anti-infection agents which incorporate methicillin and this is the explanation why it's hard to treat. "Staphylococcus" is comprised of two Greek components. The main component, which is "staphule," implies a pack of grapes and the second component "kokkos" means berry. The two Greek components consolidate to frame the current Latin word "staphylococcus." "Aureus" is characterized as golden. Staphylococcus aureus is a circular bacterium yet that is not by any means

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA is a source of major concern for public health. MRSA is no longer a sole property of inpatients’ infections, but spreads quickly in the community, responsible for more deaths in the US than AIDS. It demonstrates increasing prevalence not only among people with weak immune systems, but also among those who we consider to be the healthiest.

MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and was founded in the 1960’s. It was not recognized until the 1990’s when there was a breakout in the hospitals. Healthcare professionals became frightened of this “Super-Bug” mainly because of the spread from one person to another. It became uncontrollable and staff were not aware of how to prevent the spread and treat the patients. It was then that the hospitals and nursing homes developed infection control measures in order to control and prevent further spread of MRSA.

The occurrence of hospital acquired infections has become a norm in the health care system. Patients’ experiences of being infected with MRSA at a hospital and subsequently isolated follows 6 patients in their experiences after becoming infected with methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an outbreak in Sweden. MRSA this is a staphylococcus bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin, which was traditionally used to treat it (Vyas, 2015).

MRSA is no longer solely transmitted throughout the health care setting, it is within the community. The risk factors of MRSA within the health care setting is being hospitalized because patient are more vulnerable, having an invasive medical device implanted because it allows MRSA easier access into the body and staying in a long-term care facility because even carriers of MRSA may spread the disease(Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA), 2016). The risk factors within the community is partaking in contact activities because of the skin to skin contact and the cuts and abrasion which MRSA can get into and living in a crowded area or unsanitary conditions because MRSA can easily be spread (Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA),

Before the turn of the 21st century, physicians across the country were realizing that the possibility of being able to treat and cure virtually any microbial infection with the use of a single or a combination of antimicrobial medications was becoming more and more of a challenge. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, reports of pathogenic resistance to even the most potent antimicrobial medications of the time were being sent to the Centers for Disease Control. Among even the most dangerous pathogens that have developed and are developing drug resistance to one or many antimicrobials, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is perhaps a case in which the world is most familiar and of the greatest concern within the medical community due to its natural virulence-its ability to cause a multitude of life-threatening infections, and its above average ability to combat and adapt to a vast array of environmental conditions.

The epidemiological triad for CA-MRSA is slightly different. The environment is obviously not a healthcare facility, but rather a general community and the host characteristics are different. Rather than being an immunocompromised individual the hosts are typically young and affiliated with activities that put them in close proximity to others. Hosts are characteristically members of health clubs or sports teams (Davis et al., 2007). The agent is still an antibiotic resistant strain of S. aureus, but studies have shown that the specific isolates of CA-MRSA are different than those that cause hospital acquired

The 4 studies that are using screening methods all show a decline in MRSA transmission. The study in Japanese hospital (Juntendo University Hospital), AC-S was performed on 179 (first phase) and 255 (second phase) patients who had a history of MRSA carriage in the past 5 years. The percentage of MRSA positive patients in phase 1 was 38.0% (68 of 179) and this increased in the second phase to 54.5% (128 of 235) with P<0.001. The average monthly transmission rate of MRSA decreased from 0.35 per 1000 bed-days in phase 1 0.26 in phase 2 (P<0.05). The average monthly use AHR also increased from 10,308 ml in phase 1 to 12,894 ml in phase 2 (Ohkushi et al., 2013). Another study in Tokyo Medical and Dental University hospital, also based in Japan