Ohtahara Syndrome Research Paper

At age two, most of the child's brain is not fully developed, it is seventy-five percent of adult weight. At age five the brain is ninety-five percent of adult weight. Based on solid scientific evidence, the brain is not a completed organ at birth. Post mortem studies reveal that myelination - one of the five basic processes that make up brain development begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth but is not completed in the frontal cortex of the brain until late adolescence period. Myelination process begins before birth, that is during the prenatal period - it is the first process to occur in brain development. Myelin, a fatty layer accumulates around nerve cells to allow nerve impulses to move more quickly - protecting the neuron and acting like an insulation for the human brain. The cerebral hemispheres are the first myelinated. By the second year, the cerebrum is completed. During the process of brain development, there is an increase in the axonal connection which contributes to the growth of the brain. According to neuroscientists, the brain is divided into two- the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The left side of the body is controlled by the right hemisphere, while the left side of the brain which is the dominant part controls the right side of the

The latest research into development and learning of babies and young children shows that early stimulation are vital to the healthy development of brain. Babies are born with 100 billion neuron cells and they need to connect together in order to function. Many of these connections are made as result of what a baby senses and experiences. Stimulation, sufficient sleep and healthy diet makes a difference in allowing connections to be made. Development of brain begins well before birth. Neurons (cells in the brain which transmit electrical impulses to other cells) are formed between the 10th and 20th week of pregnancy. These cells are critical as they will later join together to allow the brain to function properly. Electrical pulses pass between cells via dendrites and axons which causes the connection between the neuron cells. The dendrites and axons of the neurons develop and begin the process of joining up in the final two months of pregnancy. Those that have not made enough strong connections are killed off and this is one reason why some children are

Babies grow and change so much in the first two years of life, and many of those growth are directly related to the brain. Brain grows so rapidly than any other organ and reaches 75% by the age of 2. Communication within the central nervous system and spinal cord begins with neurons. The final part of the brain prefrontal cortex matures.

Cerebral palsy occurs when there is lack of oxygen to a baby’s brain when being delivered. This causes brain damage which can then cause problems when trying to reach development norms. Cerebral palsy affects a child’s

The causes of most learning disabilities are for the most part unknown. However, there are quite a few factors that can contribute to the development of these disabilities. Some of these few known factors include being hereditarily passed down as well as certain changes and alterations in the developmental process of the embryo including Down ’s syndrome. Another influence is the introduction and exposure of toxic substances during pregnancy including alcohol or infection during pregnancy. Other factors that can play a part occur during the birthing process. These include any kind stress or injury that can occur, especially to the brain (healthy children, 2013).

The authors/researchers began with one hundred twenty brains that were divided into the following groups: 97 brains from SIDS victims and 23 from victims which died having no occurrence of brain damage.

The brain is the most complex thing on earth. Even the brain of a baby which weighs less than one pound is extremely complicated. When we are a baby our brain is a universe of meaning; it is where the emotions, memories, ideas, and dreams evolve and change over the lifetime. Baby Elizabeth who was born three months before she was expected was a healthy premature baby but her brain was not fully prepared. Most premature babies survive but nearly half have difficulty paying attention, learning, planning, and even prioritizing as they grow up. What happens with premature babies is that they are more hypertensive and easily over stimulated. Automatically when the baby comes out of the womb the brain reacts to all the stimulation and in the case

Between day twenty-five and twenty-seven of pregnancy, normally before a woman even knows she is pregnant, the neural tube that ultimately becomes the brain and spinal cord begins to develop and eventually close. When the neural tube fails to close, the outcome is a neural tube defect called anencephaly.

Some theories suggest that exposure to hazardous chemicals/substances, lack of proper vitamins and nutrients in the diet, infection, prescription or illegal drug and alcohol consumption during pregnancy can affect the normal head/brain development of the fetus. Chiari malformations can affect individuals of every race and ethnicity. Studies suggest that females are affected more often compared to males. Chiari malformation is thought to be congenital, although some cases may not be discovered until adulthood (sometimes incidentally when a brain scan is done for another

Around the same time as Tay’s discovery, a young physician in New York named Bernard Sachs examined a baby girl with very similar symptoms. Sachs reported that since the first time the child had been examined, she never attempted any voluntary movements nor did it seem as if there were any signs of increasing mental development. In addition, by this time, she was completely blind. The child died just before her second birthday and her parents sent her body to Sachs for postmortem examination. It was during this examination that Dr. Sachs saw that the cerebrum was abnormal and took a sample of tissue taken from the cerebral cortex. This too Sachs found to be profoundly abnormal in appearance. Dr. Sachs also noticed a “detritus like” buildup in the cell walls (Cowan 133-135). Sachs continued to examine children with the same symptoms and postmortem results over the next decade. He also began reading similar case reports including that of Tay’s in medical literature.

When you are born your brain is in taking all the different sounds and figures around you. Your brain was developing before you even arrived in the world that you are now aware of. After conception your brain starts to grow at a rapid rate; neural tubes

Many people hear about neurological disorders as they grow up, but no one ever full understands what they are. Neurological disorders are complicated to deal with and many do not know how to handle them. As time went on more developments and better technology allowed for doctors and scientist to study the brain. As the doctors studied the brain they learned a lot more about what part of the brain is affected the most. People know there are many neurological disorders in society today. One of the most common disorders is Autism. Autism is one of the most confusing and most researched disorder there is.  Autism is known as a developmental disability that effects

The brain changes and develops, starting in the fetus. Neurons are a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses or also known as a nerve cell. Your brain generates millions upon millions of neurons in your brain. By four weeks pregnant, the baby has half a million, 500,000, neurons developing per minute. A piece of the brain, about the size of a grain of rice contains about 10,00 nerve cells.

Poor nutrition, infections, smoking, drinking, and substance abuse during pregnancy. These things can affect a baby’s braindevelopment.

A newborns brain growth is rapid and their growth and development reflects their experiences and social relationships (Berger,2014). From two weeks after conception until two weeks after birth the brain grows more rapidly than any other organ in the body (Berger,2014). We will now examine what biologically takes place inside the brain of an infant to better try to understand why development at this stage is so crucial. A newborns brain has billions of neurons, that are located in the portion of the brain called the Cortex, and they regulate and control thought, feeling, and sensation (Berger, 2014). In addition, research has found that children younger than