Oil And Gas Field Evaluation

Offshore drilling has become an essential part of today’s oil production and demand for energy. With the growth of population comes the increasing demand for oil. The oil industry today, is one of the most used providers of energy. Today in the 20th century the majority of the population in America has a car and cars needs gas to run. The oil reserves in the earth that are easily accessible via land are starting to run dry and are becoming harder to find. This is why we have begun to see more and more offshore oil drills. Although there are benefits of offshore drilling such as profit, lower gas prices, and becoming less dependent on foreign oil. There are also many drawbacks in which if something were to go wrong, the mistake would be catastrophic impacting the environment, the nature, and have trickling effects all around the world.

The age demographic segment of oil and gas industry is normally people in their late 40s and early 50s. There is also a group of neophytes but there are very few people with ages between the two groups. Also, most of the people in this industry are highly specialty engineers with experience and skills to make important decision about drilling. There are also other specialty people in the business sides to vision and plan the competitive strategies to compete with other companies.

7. Based on your data, what relationship exists between the pressure and the volume of a gas (assuming a constant temperature)?

From the day in 1901 when a little hilltop near Beaumont began to gush oil,a big part of Texas changed that day. Oil has been changing our life ever since that historical day in 1901. Today, more than a century later, Texas still produces more oil than any other state in the Union.Oil has brought more wealth to Texas than ever before.

This report illustrates a geological review of a play within the South Brae oilfield and determines the potential of reservoirs within this area. It is hard to predict and provide ability for oil companies to license an oilfield before drilling therefore it is dependent upon several core sections available to investigate petrographically the northern North Sea. Cores and petrophysical data extracted from blocks 16/7a-A9, 16/7a-A17 and 16/7a-A21 related to licenses in block 16/07a found in the South Viking Graben area are provided and analysed in order to resolve whether exploration licenses should be purchased and the possible drilling of an exploration well.

‘Peak oil’ refers to the prime of any field’s production, after which goes into terminal decline. Most major US oil fields are beyond peak oil. The largest US oil field, Prudhoe Bay, has been depleting since 1979 (Prudhoe, 2012). The US Energy Information Administration indicates much production, particularly in the Alaskan North Slope, depends on world oil prices (Energy, 2012). Geophysicists and politicians debate over specifications regarding overall US peak oil, arguing the year in which US peak oil occurred.

September 5, 1927 marked a turning point in the history of oil exploration. Before then, to assess the composition of subsurface rocks to find oil pay-zones, scientists had to rely on core samples brought up from boreholes. These were highly unreliable and drilling companies frequently missed oil zones. Conrad Schlumberger had the idea of running an electrical probe into the drilled borehole to measure resistivity through the formation. This first log taken in the Alsace region of France was a simple hand-plotted graph, but it effectively aided engineers to “view” what was inside the

The Eagle Ford shale formation in south Texas has recently become the focus of many oil industry operators searching for new sources of hydrocarbons by using the latest technology in previously unexplored areas. This exploration enhances the development of even more advanced techniques as issues are identified and problems solved to address the unique properties of the formation and the surrounding surface environment. Even though a formation may be comprised of a single sedimentary layer from a similar geological time frame it is not a homogeneous block and has many features and anomalies that effect the pressure, permeability, type of hydrocarbons trapped and methods required to extract them. To understand these properties one must understand that shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay placing it in the mudstone category of rocks [1]. Shale is different from other rocks in this category because it has a fissile structure and is laminated. The black shale in the Eagle Ford formation (Fig 1.) has a special property such that it contained organic material when it was deposited and during compaction over a millennium, the organic materials were converted into trapped oil and gas hydrocarbon deposits. This oil and gas are very difficult to remove because it is trapped within tiny pore spaces and or adsorbed onto clay mineral particles that makeup the shale.

There has to be a million reasons running through everyone’s minds as to why Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota have the lowest unemployment rates in the United States. There are different aspects to why the economy goes up and down in the job field. Utah, Vermont, Minnesota, Idaho, Iowa, and New Hampshire are a little bit higher in unemployment rates than all the others listed. There is a reason that North Dakota’s unemployment rate is so low. But there has recently been a slight increase and that’s because the oil patch drilling has slowed immensely. Texas has also been hit really hard with the oil problem. But for some odd reason instead of the unemployment rate increasing it decreased. They believe the reason is because the oil production

Since the beginning of the oilfield in the United States, Texas has been one of the leading states in this industry. In 1866, Lyne T. Barret drilled the first producing oil well at Melrose in Nacogdoches County [7]. From here, more wells were brought in, but the big Texas oil revolution began at a well-called Lucas No. 1. It was here, In Spindle top, Beaumont, where Capt. Anthony F. Lucas drilled the well that would produce 94 percent of the state’s production at the time and produce more than 17 million barrels of oil [7]. Now, 114 years later, Texas has given up another oil field play that will revolutionize the industry. This play is named Eagle Ford Shale. Figure 1 shows where the shale outcrops

The Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) is a hydrocarbon producing formation in South Texas, where it can be seen on the surface as clay soil, with depths ranging from 4,000 ft to 12,000 ft. It has an approximate extension of 21,000 km2 (Treadgold: 2011, Figure 6-2) and covers more than 24 counties according to the Rail Road Commission (RRC). It is part of the Upper Cretaceous System which trends across the state from the Mexican border in Southwest Texas into East Texas (Bownman: 2011). Basic patterns of regional Cretaceous structure of the EFS area were set by Triassic and Jurassic tectonism associated with the opening of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 6-1, Table 3).

Hydraulic fracking industry is one of the most commonly used method to extract gas. Barbara stated that the hydraulic fracking has contribute to the U.S. economy, therefore, the industry has grown in a constant rate. For this, the use of material to produce the extraction has also grow, and also the concern for contamination. In Climate Change, Lyons mention that, scientist the climate change is not getting worse, they even wrote in “Nature Climate Change” that less contamination has occurred in the past years. Engineers have to do studies for every single step in the project; they are send to a lab and evaluate if the process should continue or if they need to verify the material again. The first step the engineers do is create the wall shale where the water will travel. The wall has a considerable shell to assure that the pressure of the water will destroy it. Glynn emphasizes, that chemicals must be added to the water in order to inject the water at high level pressure in order to penetrate the sublayers. Later, the water will create horizontal and vertical holes, then the water is extracted

Natural gas is one very important fossil fuel and from its various uses, its numbers have continued to dwindle. Supply and demand has taken a toll on this very precious commodity. Ordinary vertical drilling of natural gas has ceased to produce much and this once prevalent method may eventually end up becoming obsolete. In the 1990’s a different method that was being used, but wasn’t common, caught some attention and is called horizontal hydraulic fracturing or fracking for short. Since the method of fracking was first used in 1940, it has gradually changed and is now combined with a new strategy of drilling horizontally. This new way of drilling helps to reach vast amounts of previously inaccessible gases and oils that are stuck in shale. According to oil industries Devon energy, Chesapeake, and Halliburton’s estimates, around 827 million cubic feet of untapped gases and oils are under the U. S. but may not be as easily accessible as once thought (Mooney 80-85).

Oil is a very important fossil fuel that is used for various sources of energy. Oil supplies power to industries, fuel for transportation, heat for buildings, and provides raw material for plastics, paints, textiles, and other materials (hybrid cars). To access this fossil fuel, oil drilling is used. Land-based oil drilling became less productive and as the global stipulation for energy increased, technology, law, and geology impacts stepped in and pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE). With its historical background, offshore oil drilling is one of the most important aspects of today’s economy although we are faced with its risks and consequences, such as the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion of the Gulf of Mexico.

The oil and gas industries involve a high amount of documentation for both transportation as well as extraction and field services. Activities are highly regulated, and subject to oversight from Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the Department of Transportation (DoT), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Department of the Interior (DoI). That said, the process of regulation is trending toward a more digitized system, with organizations like FERC having their own submission portals that implement a “fill-in-the-blank” platform to complete forms. However, not all forms have yet been converted to digital submission even in agencies with online portals, and other agencies still remain reliant on