1.0 Introduction The global economy is ever expanding. With this, the amount of energy required to aid the expansion is always increasing. Currently, majority of the energy produced is from combusting coal, oil and gas. Researches are looking in to diverse methods of harvesting energy to reduce the stress on oil and gas as existing wells of these natural resources, especially oil are emptying fast. New sources found for oil deposit are mostly very deep underground and difficult to be extracted. For this, higher end technologies for drills and more skilled engineers are needed. Both of these increase the cost to obtain oil for oil companies (Mae 2014). As crude oil sources are diminishing, companies find themselves facing sour oil instead …show more content…
Sour crude is considered unstable and must be stabilized by removing hydrogen sulphide gas from the oil before transporting in oil tankers. Usually crude oil is processed and refined to form heavy oil such as diesel and fuel oil to reduce processing cost (Investopedia US, A Division of IAC 2014). The environment is taking a hit because of the expansion of global economy. In pursuit to reduce the destruction caused, government and agency bodies are making laws and regulations to control and reduce emissions from factories, machineries and vehicles. In the vehicle aspect, the type of fuel being combusted in the engines affect the emissions the most. Hence there is a pressure to make oil cleaner and lighter to abide with the regulations. After extensive research, it is found that reducing sulphur content in oil significantly reduces the toxic level of the emission from the vehicle. As the demand for clean oil is higher, the need to remove sulphur from crude oil is at high. However, the market for sulphur is low and not up to par with the production level. It is expected that in the coming five to six years, 11.6 million metric tons per year of sulphur will be recovered from crude refining and natural gas projects. This will increase the sulphur supply and availability by nearly 20%. Refiners and sulphur brokers will face challenges in
The oil production in Canada has several significant issues that depict the destruction nature of the industry. These issues can be categorized as environmental, political, economic, and social. The environmental issues lead the pack; in that the environmental destruction associated with the industry is extensive. The environmental problems are climatic, land, water and air related (Best & Hoberg, 2015). Under climatic effect, studies indicate that the development of the tar sides has resulted to three times more greenhouse gases (GHGs) than in production of conventional oil. These environmental issues are caused by the composition of the tar sands. Unlike the convention oil, tar sands are a mixture of bitumen and sand. The process of separating the two results triples GHGs emissions when compared to conventional oil production (Koring, 2013).
Oil is the product that each and every one of us use. It can be used for fuel, heating and even cooking. The most often known for unstable price is crude oil or gasoline. According to the The Economist, The main reason for price shifts of oil is oversupply. The oil production in Saudi rose 10.3 million barrels per day. This increase is the effect of a new method that I being applied to oil extraction. This method is called fracking, fracking is where they drill into tight-rock formations then gradually turning horizontal for several thousand feet more. This results to accommodations to multiple oil wells. This new approved method of oil harvesting has raised the productivity gains and reduced the cost of harvesting oil.
The process of making synthetic crude oil requires an enormous amount of water, especially in the separation process. Each barrel of oil requires two tons of oil sands and up to five barrels of hot water. Water is also needed along with electricity to convert it steam. The steam is pushed by steam injections making bitumen less viscous. It is quite evident that oil sands are not practical in terms of its process. Also three-quarters of the bitumen can be recovered from the sands, leaving behind 25% as waste. With the technology in our present society, oil sands are not entirely practical in terms of efficiency; however, in the future, this may change. To reflect, there are many disadvantages associated with oil sands, especially in the way it is processed.
Finally, gasohol is considered to have helpful environmental effects. Research proves that by using gasohol instead of regular gasoline, carbon monoxide emissions will be reduced by as much as 17 percent, carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 4.2 percent, and hydrocarbon emissions will be reduced by 5 percent. The use of gasohol also greatly reduces emissions of benzene (a known highly fatal carcinogen).
Wind power supports 73,000 well-paying jobs across all 50 states. Nearly 20,000 American workers at over 500 factories across 43 states now build wind turbine parts and materials. The DOE’s Wind Vision report says growing wind energy to supply 20 percent of U.S. electricity by 2030 could support 380,000 jobs.”
At the dawn of the Industrial Era, many curative people imagined the future of humans and how we could advance in technology. But as we neared the future they imagined we reared off the line many times. We could have used ethyl, may cars in the early 1900's had engines that used both gasoline and ethyl. The United States of America has been using gasoline for over 100 years and has now as a country we need to change to a new source, sooner or later.
Nine months after the last pullout of U.S troops, Iraq’s oil production has been growing so rapidly that world markets are now looking to Baghdad to play a major role in keeping global oil flowing and moderating prices in the years ahead. Even though the International Energy Agency (The IEA) does believe that Iraq has the potential to boost the global oil supply in coming years, they also have concerns over whether Iraq is stable enough for the task. The article entitled “Iraq Oil Production Poised to Lead World Oil Supply Growth, but Obstacles Loom,” by Thomas K. Grose is about how Iraq has the capability to lead Earth’s oil productions, but it also takes into consideration the challenges that Iraq faces as a country. The following is a report over the two parts of the title of Thomas’s Article.
The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and EIA (Energy Information Administration) both play key roles in the types of fuel we can run in our cars and trucks and thus they indirectly play a role in the overall “price package” that we consumers have to pay. When fuel arrives in the United States about 95% of it is in its natural state; that is crude oil. It is then pumped or shipped to refineries where certain qualities are achieved such as diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, and heating oil. The EPA’s role is to regulate the amount of additives and other chemicals that are added to the fuels, which give them certain cleansing and lubricating properties. An important and very controversial additive in diesel fuel is sulphur.
Fossil fuels—coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas — are concentrated organic compounds found in the Earth’s crust. They are created from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago in the form of concentrated biomass. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), fossil fuels meet 81 percent of U.S. energy demand.
A new player -at least in the United States- is entering in the game with a lot of enthusiasm among some of the audience, and a lot of skepticism by some others, that this unconventional player will overtake the conventional ones any time soon. Although, Big hops are held on the new player in the future. This new player is oil shale. The number estimated of oil shale in place in the US is around 4.28 trillion Barrel. An immense amount that’s even hard to imagine. Unfortunately, this amount is not 100% recoverable and the actual recoverable amount is unknown due to the lack of economic methods of recovery. The extraction of economic quantities of oil shale will be true in the near future due to
There is high rate of increase in the world’s demand for energy to run its various development projects. However, the most popular source of the needed energy is oil and petroleum products. To respond to this dire need for energy, Trans Mountain company
This paper uses the terms natural resource(s), resource(s), and reserve(s) in many different contexts. Please use care when interpreting their usage and context.
The oil and gas industry is crucial to the U.S. economy and plays a central role in its environment, society, and economic development . The U.S. consumes more oil than any other country. Products derived from oil include medicine, recreational sports items, cosmetics, plastic, chemicals, transportation liquids, etc... This is to say, crude oil is the most important natural resource of the industrialized nations, as it has assisted in the technical expansion and discovery of new sources and production of existing oil fields (Wintershall, 2015).
Fossil fuels are essential to life on earth as we know it today. Our world would certainly be much different if it weren’t for such seemingly simple things such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These basic elements of life on earth may not seem like a major concern to some people until we put into perspective how they have shaped our world today. Civilizations have been built, economies have risen and crumbled, and even wars have been fought over these precious fossil fuels. However, these fossil fuels serve us in ways we may never truly appreciate, as long as we use them as recklessly as we do now. The major entity about fossil fuels is concerning their longevity and permanence in our world, and we all know, they will be around forever.
With supercritical water extraction and treatment, the heavy crude is upgraded to a medium to light crude that is higher value and can be further refined at more facilities worldwide. In addition, it can be transported and stored using 'conventional' crude infrastructure already in place and leverage that capital and operating investment.