Old World Monkeys

As part of the only Old World Monkey group I analyzed the Silver Langur whose scientific name is Trachypitneus Cristatus. In this cage there was a total of 6 monkeys so there was very much activity. This

Primates are one of the most interesting mammals on earth, not only because of their complex social structures, but because they hold so many similar characteristics to humans. Primates are often cited as our closest living relatives and on two separate occasions I observed four separate species of primates at the San Diego Zoo that can justify their use of their physical characteristics and behaviors that may be similar as well as different to the other primates and ours.

They are active during daytime, they move single file after a leader using trails they use frequently in the top of trees. They're home is a tree branch where they huddle together at night to sleep, the tree that their branch is on is also their home. When they sleep they wrap their tails around their bodies. Sometimes the Squirrel Monkeys and capuchin monkeys find food together. They eat fruit, leaves, buds, tree gum, insects, spider, and other small animals. They with move with other animals like birds or other types of animals. The mothers stay together, they males stay together, and the younger monkeys with stay with monkeys their age. They eat tree frogs, fruits, sticks, bugs, and, leaves, they also drink nectar. There can be 500 in one group. They are usually in the trees but every once in awhile they will come down to ground. Its identifying marks are circles of black hairless skin around the nose and mouth. Their face is white, their fur is short and soft. Their fur is grey to olive green. Their stomach is white. They aren't very big they're only 10-16 inches long, their tail is around as long as their body. Their feet, hands and arms and yellow or orange. The most common Squirrel Monkeys have olive or greyish crowns. Endangered Central American Squirrel Monkeys have black crowns with red backs. They both have hair on their ears. The bare-eared Squirrel Monkey has no hair on its ears. They have short olive colored fur on its shoulders and yellow, orange on its back, arms, and legs. Their throats and ears are white, their mouths are black. The top part of their heads are hairy. Their german name is “Skull Monkeys” because of the way they look. They grow to be 25-35 cm long with a tail that is 35-42 cm long, 1.6 lbs to 2.42 lbs. They don't use their tail for climbing but as a balancing pole and tool. Bare-eared Squirrel Monkeys have red backs and black crowns. Unlike the other types of Squirrel Monkeys

The capuchin monkeys are known as one of, if not the most intelligent monkeys of all New World species. They reside naturally in the forests of southern Mexico, the West Indies, and Central and South America, but can be found in zoos and captivity around the globe. Capuchins regularly eat fruits, insects, and nuts, and spend the majority of their day foraging for food. Capuchins travel and live in groups, residing in the treetops and canopy of the forest; however, the monkeys will travel along the forest floor as well. They have prehensile tails that are the same length as their body, have opposable thumbs, and primarily range from light to dark brown with white facial markings.

Isbell and Wright’s articles both focus on monkey species and their native environments, Africa for Isbell’s (1994) vervet Old World monkey and South America, Peru area, for Wright’s (1994) owl and titis monkeys. The articles main focus is the relationship between these monkeys and their natural predators. Focusing on how the predator aspect of their lives is determined by their environment and adaptations they make to ensure survival. Isbell’s Vervets Year of Doom focuses more on the adaptations that was forced upon the vervets’ because of their changing environment, the death of fever trees. While Wright’s Night Watch on the Amazon focusses more on how the primates way of life affects their relationship with predators and the likelihood of attacks. Both articles have similar aspects however the species way of life, specifically their environment and sleep schedule, are quite different as well as the authors way of observing and studying the primates within their habitats.

The hands are hook-like, with four elongated, curved, fingers.” (The author) then goes on to describe how the thumb of the brown spider monkey is “reduced,” which is helps in swinging and gripping branches while the monkey travels in the upper canopy of the rainforest. The coloration of brown spider monkeys ranges from light to dark brown on the upper parts of their body and their head, while the inside of the arms and legs is a slightly lighter color of brown. Some individuals of the brown spider monkey population also possess the conspicuous characteristic of a white triangular forehead patch. Behaviorally, the brown spider monkey is a diurnal and very social species. They live in what are known as “fission-fusion” societies in which smaller groups, up to about 30 members, are formed during the day. Male spider monkeys usually travel in all male groups while females travel with other females and their offspring, though it is not necessarily unusual to find a brown spider monkey traveling or foraging alone. At night, brown spider monkeys sleep in trees in the high canopy away from most predators. They choose a location to sleep that is near a fruit tree so they do not have to travel far the next day to find food. Differences in sizes of these groups occur due to varying availability of fruit. When fruit is abundant, the groups tend to be larger and when the amount of fruit is limited they

The first type of primate I observed was a Bolivian Grey Titi Monkey which is a type of new world monkey species found in areas of eastern Bolivia and also can be found in Brazil. The scientific term for this species is Callicebus donacophilus. These types of monkeys have medium sized body

Gorillas are ground dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests in central Africa. They are the largest living primates by physical size. They are highly similar and are the next closest living relatives of humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the western and eastern gorillas.

In the first video I watched, there were two monkeys up in a tree hugging. Monkey 2 continued to embrace monkey 1 by wrapping their arms around the other. The whole time this was happening, both monkeys were making calls that sounded like squeaking-turkey gobble- vibration type noises. They follow each other around from branch to branch, shaking the branches and jumping simultaneously. They play in the same fashion that little (human) kids do. In the second video, a male and female monkey are at a habitat at the zoo. The male monkey keeps ‘petting‘ the female monkey suggestively, and doesn't really care that there is an audience. They keep holding and touching each other's shoulders as though something is wrong, just as a human would do. The male monkey also keeps trying to get the female to stand up, she is very docile the entire time and at this point she rolls over onto her back-- he continues to grab her shoulder and keeps pointing upwards, probably to a more appropriate mating place. I literally felt like I was watching a drunk freshman girl getting taken advantage of by a frat boy at her first college party, these primates are a lot like humans. In the third and fourth video, monkey’s sit in peace as they eat, two of the monkeys have babies hanging on their backs. One of the smaller, I’m assuming baby monkeys keeps hanging halfway over their mother’s shoulder to check out what she is eating- I am curious as to why the babies are not

These rare mammals may not seem like primates at foremost glance, but they are allied to monkeys, apes, and humans.

Callitrichidae are a family of monkeys that consist of Marmosets and Tamarins, these are primates with over 50 species that occupy much of the tropical jungle in Central and South America. The main points that this will be elucidating about these two types of monkeys are their characteristics, diet and ecology. To start one of the three monkeys that will be discussed is the “black lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)” residing in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Rodriguez 121). Next, the Santare´m Marmoset also noted as the black and white Tassel-Ear marmoset, its habitat is Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Finally, this will look at the Buffy-Headed marmoset, its feeding choices of fungi and insects as well as its overall

Baboons also known by their scientific name Papio anubis are among one of the most abundant species of monkeys in Africa. They are also some of the world’s largest monkeys in the primate order. All baboons have a strong torso, snout- like face, sharp canine teeth, powerful jaws, and a naked rump. Most baboons are at least twenty inches long and weight at most eighty-two pounds. The tails of most baboons are at least seventy cm long and have a characteristic arch. Unlike other primates most baboons live in savannas, where they spend most of their time roaming on the ground. However, baboons can and do climb trees to sleep, eat, and look out for trouble. Baboons live mostly in large troops that can be as small as ten members and as large as two hundred members. Most of the baboon troops are composed of females who are born into the troops and males who join the troop after gaining maturity. The

The golden snub-nosed monkey are also Old World monkey just like the François' monkeys. They are in the Colobinae subfamily and They live in mountainous forests of Southwestern China at elevations of 1,500-3,400 m above sea level.

Capuchin Monkeys are one of the most diverse species on the planet. They are very well known for their intelligence, and have been the subject matter for research due to their ability to adapt in different environments. Capuchin monkeys is a New World monkey that is commonly found in South and Central America, and northern parts of Argentina. They live on high areas in the trees of the rainforest. Capuchin Monkeys are only active during the day. Their arms, tails, legs, and body is usually black or brown, while their upper body is white or beige. Some of them may have black fur on top of their head. Unlike other primates, Capuchin Monkeys are very small. Their body is usually 1-2 feet long. When fully grown, Capuchin Monkeys only weigh around

Capuchin monkeys are known to be one of the most intelligent and adaptable new world monkeys of all times. They have eight different subspecies and their subfamily is known as the Cebinae, which includes a variety of other monkeys such as squirrel monkeys, spider monkeys, wooley monkeys and wooley spider monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are physically different from old world monkeys and new world monkeys. They’ve a dental formula of 2:1:3:3 which means they carry two incisors, one canine, three pre-molars and three molars. Their nose shape is known as a playrrhine nose, a broad nasal spectrum with nostrils that are far apart and open to the side. These monkeys are estimated to normally weight about six to twelve