Olfactory Imprinting

This process is called habituation, when infants appear to create a neural model or internal representation that can later be used as a basis for comparisons. Stimuli discrepant from the habituated neural model usually trigger enhanced responses, or dishabituation. A stimulus perceived as novel requires more cognitive processing than a familiar one. Over the course of habituation, there is a shift from a familiarity preference to a novelty preference. Habituation is considered a basic form of learning that has been observed in a broad range of species. Moreover,

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has ended up being a capable model for the investigation of maturing science. Strikingly, C. elegans tissues fall apart at various rates in maturing grown-ups, with specific highlights of age-related decrease strikingly reminiscent of those in higher life forms. Here they report two striking highlights of the maturing C. elegans sensory system—auxiliary regrowth and synaptic weakening. Morphological changes that happen amid maturing are neuron-particular and incorporate new dendrite outgrowth from forms or somata, with mitochondria regularly arranged at the branch point for the new neurite. Since morphological expanding or growing and synaptic decrease without cell passing exemplifies maturing human mind, enter factors in age-related neuronal decay might be preserved crosswise over phyla.

Ani Lui explained the importance of smell and how we can use it to fix are problems in life. “Nothing is more memorable than a smell. One scent can be unexpected, momentary, and fleeting, yet conjure up a childhood summer beside a lake in the mountains” (Diane Ackerman).On Ted Talk, Lui talked about how smell can be a huge resource to our everyday life.The show was called “Smelfes, and other experiments in synthetic biology”. She showed pictures of fruits like strawberries that could grow its own fruit. Ani Lui is from EIT lab, a designer. She sorts out science fiction and science fact. At their lab, they study artificial life and objects. Back in the 19-century women would put an apple under there underarm. If the man ate the apple that meant

The articles, “The History of Stink”, written by Kristin Lewis, and “What’s that Smell?”, written by Kathy Satterfield, talk about how our hygiene’s practices have changed exponentially. To illustrate, the first article states, “The ancient Egyptians kept fresh by rubbing their pits with cinnamon and citrus oils. After exercise, the ancient Greeks scraped their skin with a metal tool called a strigil” (Lewis 18). This excerpt from the article helps explain how even since the begin of times, our ancestors changed their way of maintaining hygiene, from using cinnamon and citrus oils to scraping their skin with a strigil. Additionally, another portion of evidence from the second article says, “Now Clayton, 15, and Nicolas, 12, douse themselves

Given the results of the experiment carried out it is concluded that the experimental gene ZK1225.1 is not involved with C. elegans functionality

For the majority of animals on earth, responding to chemical stimuli could mean the difference between life and death. Taste is an example of sensing chemical stimuli-however, this response is not entirely dependent on genes, as tasting something will not necessarily trigger a gene to activate. Within a simpler organism however, such as Caenorhabditis Elegans, there is a complex behavior that is mediated by three sensory neurons and transduce chemical stimuli to move muscles that move an animal forward(attraction) or backwards(repulsion). By placing these organisms on several plates which will inhibit genetic expression, and then testing chemotaxis at a later point, it is possible to determine which genes are responsible for chemotaxis. The global sample averages of the chemotaxis indexes of CEH-36 and CEH-27 are somewhat inconclusive, with a mean of 0.5815 for CEH-36 and 0.6981 for CEH-27. Overall, the results for CEH-27 are likely to show that there is a lack of genetic interference with chemotaxis where CEH-36 is less definitive.

In an article from, “The Telegraph”, a science correspondent named Nick Collins reports the information found in a 2012 study of how smells can trigger emotional memories. A team of researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands conducted this experiment, trying to prove that smell is a more powerful trigger for emotional memories than music. Their experiment was influenced by the theory of Marcel Proust. Marcel’s theory, also known as, the “Proustian phenomenon”, insinuates that the power of strong odors help us to remember vague memories more than all the other senses.

On October 20, 2016, I went to Jesuit to participate in a research study regarding scents. At first, I answered a 30 question survey about my mood over the past mood. There were different feelings such as happy, blue, sad, angry, etc. The survey was very extensive with several options on the extent of my feelings. After answering the survey, the researcher asked me how involved I was in community service and my age. Then, I was sent into a room for five minutes. While in this room, I was able to have my phone out and sit on a stool against a wall. So, I checked my email, replied back to my snapchats and checked Instagram. There was a humming noise, so I looked up and there were tubes sticking out of the ceiling. Then I put it together that

I used to wish that people in real life had subtitles when they spoke. My parents and I immigrated to America from Bangladesh some 11 years ago and accommodating to the norm here was not easy. When I was enrolled in the first grade, I had a very difficult time adjusting to the normal student procedure because I did not learn to speak English in Bangladesh. Unfortunately, this made understanding and communicating with my fellow classmates very difficult. My peers hardly conversed with me simply due to the fact that we couldn’t understand one another.

(Vancouver, British Columbia) The human brain is capable of processing approximately 10,000 scents in an area no bigger than a postage stamp. Each scent it processes triggers a neural response and draws forth memories and emotions. For this reason, a business needs to ensure their workplace invokes the desired response from the clients and AromaTech can be of help with this. AromaTech produces a range of oils and diffusers to provide an area with a pleasing scent to those who visit.

In the article, “A Spectroscopic Mechanism for Primary Olfactory Reception,” by Luca Turin talks about the theory of primary olfactory. In this article he said, “Olfactory receptors respond not to the shape of the molecule but their vibrations,” which was a theory proposed by Wright Dyson (Turin). Dyson came up with this theory because he noticed that molecules can look very similar but smell completely different; the molecules can also look completely different and smell the same as well. For instance the molecular makeup of smell in bananas and pears, they can look very similar, but smell like two different things.

In this paper I will be writing about the chemistry of smell. First and foremost I want to define exactly what smell is. Smell is the faculty or power of perceiving odors or scents by means of the organs in the nose. A smell can bring on an overflow of memories, influence people's moods and even affect their work performance but what actually is smell? Have you ever thought about it? Imagine trying to describe the smell of a rose to someone who has never possessed the ability to detect odors. How exactly would you do this?

What babies comprehend in utero will affect what they remember after they’re born and that information will prepare them for the world outside the womb. Every meaningful experience—whether joyous or painful—is stored in memory and has a lasting impact on a baby’s developing nervous system (Weaver et al., 2004). Studies on different populations have confirmed these observations and validated them with data on how conditions in the womb affect the health of a person not only as a fetus but well into adulthood (Li, Beard & Jaenisch, 1993; Lillycrop et al., 2007). The epigenetic effects are profound since various types of cells, including neural cells, differentiate during embryogenesis (Sakashita et al., 2001; Takizawa et al., 2001). These effects

Identify all the things that happen to Grenouille in these chapters that you feel either shouldn’t happen to a child or are insensitive. Explain or attempt to justify these events.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are any type of variation that can occur in the genome (Jabukowski & Kornfeld, 1999). SNP mapping is a well-recognized technique within the field of C. elegans research (Zipperlen et al., 2005, Swan, Curtis, McKusick, Volnov, Mapa, & Cancilla, 2002, Kaletta & Hengartner, 2006). The paper began by briefly explaining the two advantages of utilizing SNP mapping (Davis, Hammarlund, Harrach, Hullett, Olsen, & Jorgensen, 2005). The first being that there is no associated phenotype, meaning that mutations that are masked by other typical marker mutations can still be mapped without being affected. Secondly, SNPs are more closely compacted compared to other markers. Because of this, SNP mapping could potentially offer the resolution of single genes. These two advantages make SNP mapping an attractive technique for C. elegans researchers (Davis et al., 2005). The purpose of using this method in this article was to show that SNP mapping could be used to correctly map a known gene, dpy-5. Furthermore, they used this method to map the mutations in an undifferentiated strain, and to show that the behavioral phenotype for that particular strain can be mapped to three loci at the same time (Davis et al., 2005). SNP mapping is typically done in two phases (Davis